Impedance Injection Unit Control for Grid Transient Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Power flow control systems struggle to adapt to changing grid dynamics and stabilize impedance injection units due to unpredictable transients caused by breaker operations, load variations, and renewable energy inputs, leading to non-linear anomalies in grid current.

Innovation Solution

A recursive technique is employed to fit a linear function to non-linear grid dynamics, using a stabilization system with a phase-locked loop and pulse width modulator to inject correcting impedance into the transmission line, monitored in real-time by a controller that adjusts frequency and amplitude of DC pulses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If impedance injection units are deployed to control power flow in multi-generator grids, then power flow control capability is improved, but system stability deteriorates due to unpredictable transients from breaker operations, load variations, and renewable energy inputs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower flow control capabilityVSAvoidsystem stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where the controller continuously monitors the impedance injection unit's operation and adjusts control parameters in response to detected transients. The system measures grid conditions, compares them against reference values, and dynamically modifies the impedance injection to maintain stability while preserving power flow control capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs dynamic adaptation of control parameters based on real-time grid conditions. The controller adjusts impedance injection characteristics (magnitude, phase, frequency) dynamically in response to transient events such as breaker operations and load variations, allowing the system to adapt its behavior to changing operational states while maintaining stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Stability of the object's composition

If the system responds quickly to transients to maintain stability, then system stability is improved, but the complexity of control mechanisms increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem stabilityVSAvoidcontrol mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a self-regulating control system where the impedance injection unit autonomously detects transients and adjusts its own operation without requiring complex external control infrastructure. The controller integrated within the unit performs self-diagnosis and self-correction, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining rapid response capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent achieves rapid transient response by dynamically changing key operational parameters (impedance magnitude, phase angle, injection frequency) based on detected grid conditions. This parameter-based control approach allows quick adaptation to transients without requiring complex mechanical or structural modifications to the control mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If the system continuously monitors and adjusts to non-linear anomalies in real-time, then adaptability to changing grid dynamics is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptability to changing grid dynamicsVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic monitoring and adjustment cycles rather than continuous operation. The controller monitors grid conditions at optimized intervals and adjusts impedance injection parameters in discrete steps, reducing energy consumption while maintaining adequate adaptability to grid dynamics through strategically timed control actions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system provides real-time stabilization of impedance injection units and the overall grid by adapting to transients, ensuring stability without requiring shutdowns, with a response time suitable for addressing anomalies within 1 second.

Implementation Method 1

A recursive technique is employed to fit a linear function to non-linear grid dynamics, using a stabilization system with a phase-locked loop and pulse width modulator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase-locked loop:

Implementation Method 2

A recursive technique is employed to fit a linear function to non-linear grid dynamics, using a stabilization system with a phase-locked loop and pulse width modulator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPulse width modulation:

Data Source

PatentEP3823126B1Adaptive control technique for stability of impedance injection unit
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 SMART WIRES INC
  • EP3823126B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3823126B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3823126B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Transients occur on power transmission lines for unpredictable reasons including breakers opening and closing, load variations, and inputs to the grid from renewable energy sources turning on and off. A recursive technique allows a linear function to be fitted to a nonlinear grid dynamic of the power line transients. The technique is adaptive and helps to stabilize an impedance injection unit while it injects correcting impedance into a transmission line for the purpose of achieving power flow control. When applied to many injection units the technique may also help to stabilize the overall grid. The stabilization system using the recursive technique provides real-time monitoring of the associated power line and stabilization with respect to power line transients.