Impedance Matching Apparatus with Active Diode for Low-Loss Power Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing impedance matching apparatuses for generators with nonharmonic output voltages have complex structures and high loss, making them inefficient for broadband impedance matching and power transmission.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus with an active diode connected to the energy storage means, featuring a controllable switching element and comparator for implicit duty-cycle control, which inhibits switching during insufficient voltage, allowing for low-loss impedance matching and power transmission across a wide dynamic range, even with alternating or pulsing input voltages.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If an inductor is connected in the circuit before the impedance-matching module, then the apparatus can perform impedance matching, but the structure becomes relatively complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the inductor from its traditional position before the impedance-matching module and relocates it to the output side of the rectifier module. This repositioning simplifies the overall circuit structure while preserving the impedance matching functionality. The inductor remains essential for energy storage and transfer, but its new location eliminates the need for complex pre-matching circuitry.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent inverts the conventional arrangement by placing the energy storage inductor after rather than before the impedance-matching module. This inversion fundamentally changes the circuit topology, allowing the matching module to operate with a simplified input structure while the inductor performs its energy storage function in a more advantageous position within the power conversion chain.
2Productivity
If the switching device operates continuously, then power transmission is maintained, but power loss increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic switching action through the controller module, which alternates the switching device between on and off states based on detected power conditions. This periodic operation allows the system to transmit power when needed while remaining dormant during low-power conditions, significantly reducing average power loss while maintaining continuous power transmission capability when required.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a feedback mechanism where the detector module continuously monitors power conditions and provides signals to the controller module. This feedback loop enables the controller to intelligently adjust the switching device operation, activating it only when power transmission is necessary and deactivating it when power levels are insufficient, thereby optimizing the balance between power transmission continuity and energy loss reduction.
3Loss of energy
If the generator outputs low power, then energy consumption is reduced, but impedance matching becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic adaptation through the controller module, which continuously adjusts the switching device operation based on real-time power condition detection. This dynamic control allows the system to maintain effective impedance matching across a wide range of power levels, from very low to high output, by optimizing the switching parameters and timing according to the actual power available from the generator.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus achieves continuous impedance matching with minimal power loss, enabling efficient power transmission from generators with low power outputs, and can operate in a compact, power-saving mode with reduced switching operations.
Implementation Method 1
The converter has an energy storage means, a controllable switching device which is connected to the energy storage means
Implementation Method 2
The active diode has a controllable switching element and a comparator, said comparator has a first comparator input connected to a first load connection of the switching element and a second comparator input connected to a second load connection of the switching element
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for impedance matching of an electrical load to a generator has input connections for connection to the generator and output connections for connection to the load. The apparatus has a converter which connects the input connections to the output connections. An input voltage which is applied between the input connections can be converted into an output voltage. The converter has energy storage means connected to one of the output connections by an active diode, a controllable switching device, and an actuation device. The switching device can be moved to a first and a second switching state so that energy from the generator is stored in the energy storage means in the first switching state. Energy which is stored can be output to the load in the second switching state. A detector is connected to the input connections for detecting a measurement signal for the impedance matching. The actuation device has an activation signal and can be moved to a first and a second operating state. The energy which is output by the generator is temporarily stored in an input capacitor.