Implantable Micro-Biosensor with Interference-Removing Electrodes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing implantable glucose monitoring systems face challenges in accurately measuring glucose concentrations due to interference from substances like ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid, and the service life of biosensors is limited by silver chloride consumption, leading to issues such as larger wounds and increased infection risk during implantation.
Innovation Solution
An implantable micro-biosensor with a first and second working electrode and a counter electrode, utilizing potential differences to measure glucose and consume interfering substances, while regenerating silver halide to extend service life and maintain accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a polymer membrane is used to filter out interfering substances, then measurement accuracy is improved, but it remains difficult to filter out the interfering substances completely
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a second working electrode as an intermediary component that specifically targets and consumes interfering substances through selective enzymatic reactions. This mediator electrode works in conjunction with the first working electrode to achieve complete interference removal while maintaining measurement accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the sensing function into two distinct electrodes: the first working electrode dedicated to analyte measurement and the second working electrode dedicated to interfering substance consumption. This segmentation allows each electrode to be optimized for its specific function, improving overall system performance.
2Measurement precision
If multiple working electrodes are used to read multiple signals, then measurement accuracy is improved, but the process becomes very complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the functions of multiple working electrodes into a single integrated electrode structure with multiple sensing regions. This merging approach maintains the ability to detect multiple signals while simplifying the overall device architecture and reducing manufacturing complexity.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If the counter electrode length is increased to extend service life, then biosensor durability is improved, but the implantation wound becomes larger and infection risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the counter electrode by incorporating silver halide materials that can be regenerated in situ. This parameter change allows the counter electrode to maintain extended service life without increasing physical dimensions, thereby avoiding larger implantation wounds and reduced infection risk.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a regeneration mechanism where silver halide consumed during electrochemical reactions is recovered and regenerated at the counter electrode. This discard-and-recover cycle extends the service life of the biosensor without requiring a larger counter electrode, thus avoiding increased infection risk.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The micro-biosensor achieves accurate glucose monitoring with extended service life by minimizing interference and reducing silver chloride consumption, allowing for a smaller implant size and reduced pain during implantation.
Implementation Method 1
The basic configuration of the continuous glucose monitoring system includes a biosensor and a transmitter. The biosensor measures a physiological signal in response to a glucose concentration in the body, and the measurement thereof is mostly based on an electrochemical process.
Implementation Method 2
Specifically, glucose is subjected to a catalysis reaction with glucose oxidase (GOx) to produce gluconolactone and a reduced glucose oxidase
Implementation Method 3
The second sensing section is driven by a second potential difference to form an interference-eliminating region that is in touch with a surrounding of the first sensing section and at least partially overlaps with the measuring region, so as to consume an interfering substance in the body
Implementation Method 4
The counter electrode is driven by a third potential difference, so as to be capable of being regenerated selectively. The implantable micro-biosensor thus has an accurate measurement and an extended service life
Data Source
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AI summary
An implantable micro-biosensor includes a substrate (1), a first working electrode (2), at least one second working electrode (3), and at least one counter electrode (4). The first working electrode (2) includes a first sensing section (20) driven by a first potential difference to measure a physiological signal. The second working electrode (3) includes a second sensing section (30) driven by a second potential difference to consume an interfering substance. The counter electrode (4) cooperates with the first working electrode (2) to measure the physiological signal, cooperates with the second working electrode (3) to consume the interfering substance, and selectively cooperates with the first or second working electrode (2, 3) to regenerate silver halide.