In-Situ Layer Vibration Checking for Additive Manufacturing Defects

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing processes, such as SLM, struggle to detect structural defects and material quality issues in real-time, leading to inefficient production and potential damage to equipment due to delayed detection of defects like cracks or detachment from the substrate, which can only be addressed after completing each layer and re-installing the component.

Innovation Solution

An in-situ method for testing additive manufactured components involves mechanical excitation of layers during production, measuring mechanical response signals, and comparing them to predetermined tolerance ranges to display warnings or interrupt the manufacturing process if defects are detected, using a device with a control unit to manage this process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If additive manufacturing is performed without real-time quality monitoring, then production efficiency is maintained, but structural defects and material quality issues cannot be detected until after completion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection of structural defectsVSAvoidproduction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements continuous mechanical excitation and response signal measurement throughout the additive manufacturing process. The excitation device continuously applies mechanical vibrations to the component being built, and the measurement device continuously records the response signals, enabling uninterrupted real-time quality monitoring without stopping production.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent establishes a feedback loop where mechanical response signals are continuously measured and compared against predetermined tolerance ranges. When deviations indicate structural defects or material quality issues, the system provides feedback to interrupt the manufacturing process, enabling real-time quality control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If the component is removed and re-installed for quality checking after each layer, then material quality can be assessed, but production time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial quality assessmentVSAvoidproduction time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the component to be tested in-situ during manufacturing without removal. The mechanical excitation device applies vibrations directly to the component on the build platform, and the measurement device records responses while the component remains in place, eliminating the need for time-consuming removal and re-installation cycles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The testing process continues uninterrupted during additive manufacturing. The mechanical excitation and response measurement occur continuously as layers are deposited, allowing quality assessment to proceed simultaneously with production rather than sequentially.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Measurement precision

If structural defects are detected only after process completion, then comprehensive quality assessment is possible, but equipment damage from undetected defects cannot be prevented

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality assessment accuracyVSAvoidequipment damage from defects
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by continuously monitoring for structural defects during manufacturing and interrupting the process before defects can cause equipment damage. The mechanical response signal analysis detects anomalies such as detachment or cracks early, preventing them from progressing to a stage where they would harm the coating unit or other equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The real-time feedback mechanism compares measured mechanical response signals against expected values and tolerance ranges. When deviations indicate structural defects, the system immediately interrupts manufacturing, providing timely feedback that prevents defective components from continuing to be built and potentially damaging equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Reliability

If mechanical excitation is applied during additive manufacturing, then real-time defect detection is enabled, but the manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereal-time defect detectionVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates the mechanical excitation device and measurement device into the existing additive manufacturing system. The excitation device can serve both quality monitoring functions and potentially other manufacturing functions, while the measurement device integrates with the control system to provide quality data without requiring completely separate monitoring infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for real-time detection of structural defects and material quality issues, preventing further damage and optimizing production by aborting the process when defects are identified, thus enhancing efficiency and protecting equipment from unnecessary wear.

Implementation Method 1

the mechanical excitation of at least one additive layer of the component during a manufacturing of the component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration: Vibration

Implementation Method 2

measuring a mechanical response signal of the component

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical response signal measurement:

Data Source

PatentEP3408045B1Method for checking a component to be produced in an additive manner, and device
Publication Date: 2022.05.11 SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3408045B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3408045B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for checking a component (1) to be produced in an additive manner, having the steps of mechanically exciting at least one additively constructed layer (2) of the component (1) during the additive production of the component (1), measuring a mechanical response signal of the component (1), and displaying a warning and/or interrupting the additive production of the component (1) if the mechanical response signal lies outside of a specified tolerance range. The invention further relates to a device (100) for the additive production of a component (1), comprising a device (4) for mechanically exciting the at least one additively constructed layer (2) of the component (1), a measuring unit (5) for measuring the mechanical response signal of the component (1), and a control unit (6). The control unit (6) is designed to display the warning and/or interrupt the additive production if the mechanical response signal lies outside of a specified tolerance range.