In-vitro Diagnostic With Soluble Blocking Layer
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Solution Overview
Problem
In-vitro diagnostic systems face challenges in maintaining protein detection accuracy due to variations in tertiary structures of antibodies or antigens, and nonspecific binding or adsorption issues, which are not adequately addressed by existing blocking agents that require large amounts and have stability and preservation limitations.
Innovation Solution
The system incorporates a sensing device with an optical waveguide coated with a substance layer and a soluble coating layer containing a blocking agent, which is dissolved to create a high concentration barrier against nonspecific binding and adsorption, allowing for improved stability and reduced agent usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a blocking agent is added to the measurement solution to suppress nonspecific binding and adsorption, then the detection accuracy is improved, but the quantity of blocking agent required increases due to dead volume
Solution Approach 1:
The blocking agent is immobilized on the support surface before the measurement process begins. This preliminary immobilization creates a blocking layer that prevents nonspecific binding and adsorption during the measurement, eliminating the need to add large amounts of blocking agent to the measurement solution to account for dead volume.
Solution Approach 2:
The blocking agent is applied specifically to the support surface where immune reactions occur, rather than being distributed throughout the entire measurement solution. This localized application ensures that blocking function is concentrated where it is most needed, reducing the total amount of blocking agent required.
2Measurement precision
If a blocking agent is added to the measurement solution to prevent nonspecific binding, then the detection accuracy is improved, but the stability and preservation of the measurement solution deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The blocking agent is immobilized on the support surface in advance, separating the blocking function from the measurement solution. This allows the measurement solution to remain stable and preserved without the blocking agent, while still providing nonspecific binding prevention when the sample is applied to the support.
Solution Approach 2:
The system is divided into two separate components: the support with immobilized blocking agent and the measurement solution. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently - the support provides stable blocking function while the measurement solution maintains its stability and preservation characteristics.
3Measurement precision
If a blocking agent is immobilized to the support to stabilize tertiary structure, then the protein detection accuracy is improved, but nonspecific binding and adsorption cannot be completely prevented
Solution Approach 1:
The blocking agent immobilized on the support performs multiple functions simultaneously: it stabilizes the tertiary structure of antibodies or antigens bound with the support, and it suppresses nonspecific binding and adsorption of proteins in the sample. This multi-functionality addresses both issues with a single approach.
4Measurement precision
If a blocking agent is added to the measurement solution to suppress nonspecific signal, then the detection accuracy is improved, but the device complexity and preservation requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The blocking agent is immobilized on the support before use, separating the blocking function from the measurement solution. This eliminates the need for complex preservation conditions for the measurement solution, as the blocking agent is already in place and does not require refrigeration or special handling during storage.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances protein detection accuracy by minimizing nonspecific interactions and stabilizing the measurement solution, enabling easier preservation and reduced reagent amounts while maintaining high blocking efficacy.
Implementation Method 1
a soluble coating layer containing a blocking agent, which is dissolved to create a high concentration barrier against nonsspecific binding and adsorption
Implementation Method 2
nonspecific binding of protein in a sample and an antibody or an antigen, or nonspecific adsorption of protein in a sample to a support
Data Source
AI summary
An in-vitro diagnostic includes a housing, a storage, and a blocking agent. The housing houses a liquid including a test substance included in a sample extracted from a subject. The storage stores a substance that specifically reacts with the test substance. The blocking agent is placed to separate the container and the storage.