Indexed Segment ID Mapping for Heterogeneous Node Participation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Classic segment routing networks face challenges when not all nodes can utilize a common range of segment IDs, leading to exclusion from packet forwarding due to physical limitations or varying capabilities, resulting in nodes being unable to recognize and forward packets.

Innovation Solution

Nodes calculate indexed segment IDs using various ranges and index values, which are globally unique, allowing them to map nodal segment IDs to unique identifiers and advertise these values to create segment ID stacks for forwarding packets, even when nodes have different SRBs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If all nodes use a common range of segment IDs in classic SR networks, then packet forwarding decisions can be made uniformly across the network, but nodes with varying capabilities or physical limitations are excluded from participating in SR forwarding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenode participation capabilityVSAvoidsegment ID management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the segment ID space by introducing a two-component structure: a globally unique node identifier (such as Router ID or loopback address) and a locally significant interface identifier. This segmentation allows each node to use its own identifier format while maintaining global uniqueness, enabling nodes with different capabilities to participate without requiring a universal segment ID range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by allowing each node to have its own locally significant interface identifiers that are only meaningful to that specific node. Other nodes reference these local identifiers through the globally unique node identifier context, enabling each node to optimize its local segment ID allocation according to its specific capabilities and requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If nodes use locally significant segment ID ranges, then each node can optimize for its specific capabilities, but other nodes cannot recognize or forward packets with segment IDs from unfamiliar ranges

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenode configuration flexibilityVSAvoidpacket forwarding reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces the globally unique node identifier as an intermediary that mediates between local segment ID ranges. When a packet contains a segment ID, the receiving node uses the globally unique identifier portion to determine which local interface identifier range to consult, enabling reliable packet forwarding across nodes with different local segment ID schemes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adds a global dimension to segment ID allocation by incorporating globally unique node identifiers into the segment ID structure. This dimensional addition transforms locally significant identifiers into globally recognizable references, allowing nodes to maintain local optimization while ensuring network-wide packet forwarding reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Device complexity

If a common segment ID range is enforced across all nodes, then segment ID allocation is simplified, but nodes with physical limitations or varying capabilities cannot participate in segment routing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesegment ID allocation simplicityVSAvoidnode capability compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent achieves universality by designing a segment ID structure where the globally unique node identifier serves multiple functions: it acts as a prefix for segment IDs, a key for looking up local interface identifiers, and a mechanism for ensuring global uniqueness. This multi-functional design allows nodes with varying capabilities to participate while maintaining relatively simple allocation procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP2974164B1Indexed segment id
Publication Date: 2018.06.13 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP2974164B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2974164B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2974164B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An apparatus and method for using indexed segment identifiers in segment routing. An example method involves receiving a globally unique index value at a node. The method also involves receiving a base value at the node, where the base value comprises a segment routing value configured to identify a nodal segment. The method then involves calculating a segment identifier based on the index value and the base value.