Indirect Carrier Modulation for Adaptive Energy Harvesting and Data Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing RFID and NFC systems are limited by single frequency bands and communication modes, which restrict their flexibility and efficiency in power transmission and data transfer, particularly in near-field and far-field scenarios.
Innovation Solution
A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) selects a constellation from a set of constellations based on performance efficacy indicators for indirect carrier modulation, enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and data transmission using a variety of modulation schemes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If indirect carrier modulation is used for simultaneous power reception and data transmission, then energy efficiency is improved, but flexibility in communication modes and frequency bands is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically selects from multiple constellation sets (e.g., first constellation set for OOK, second constellation set for BPSK, third constellation set for QPSK) based on communication mode requirements. This dynamic adaptability allows the same indirect carrier modulation framework to support different communication modes (passive, semi-passive, active RFID; reader/writer, card emulation, peer-to-peer NFC) while maintaining energy efficiency, thereby resolving the contradiction between energy efficiency and flexibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes modulation parameters by selecting different constellation sets corresponding to different modulation schemes (OOK, BPSK, QPSK). This parameter variation enables adaptation to different communication scenarios without abandoning indirect carrier modulation, thus preserving energy efficiency while gaining flexibility in communication modes and frequency bands.
2Use of energy by moving object
If simple modulation schemes like OOK are used for passive RFID, then energy harvesting efficiency is improved, but data transmission capability is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically selects the appropriate constellation set based on device type and communication requirements. Passive devices can use the first constellation set (OOK) for optimal energy harvesting, while semi-passive and active devices can use the second (BPSK) or third (QPSK) constellation sets for enhanced data transmission capability. This dynamic selection resolves the contradiction by allowing each device type to optimize its performance according to its power availability.
Solution Approach 2:
The indirect carrier modulation system is designed to be universal, supporting multiple modulation schemes (OOK, BPSK, QPSK) within a single framework. This multi-functionality allows the system to accommodate devices with different power capabilities and data transmission requirements, enabling both high energy harvesting efficiency for passive devices and high data transmission capability for active devices.
3Productivity
If BPSK modulation is used for semi-passive and active devices, then data transmission energy per bit is improved, but energy harvesting efficiency is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
Semi-passive and active devices dynamically select the second constellation set (BPSK) when high data transmission energy per bit is required, while accepting reduced energy harvesting efficiency. This dynamic adaptation allows devices to optimize their operation based on whether they have autonomous power sources and what their current communication needs are, resolving the contradiction between data transmission effectiveness and energy harvesting efficiency.
4Device complexity
If single frequency band is specified for RFID/NFC systems, then device complexity is reduced, but adaptability to different communication scenarios is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements multi-functionality by supporting multiple frequency bands (low frequency 125 kHz, high frequency 13.56 MHz, ultra-high frequency 2.4 GHz, super-high frequency 5.8 GHz) within the same indirect carrier modulation framework. Devices can operate across different frequency bands without requiring fundamentally different hardware architectures, maintaining relatively low complexity while achieving high adaptability to different communication scenarios and standards.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the flexibility and efficiency of power transmission and data transfer by allowing multiple frequency bands and communication modes, improving communication range and reducing power consumption.
Implementation Method 1
simultaneously harvesting energy and transmitting data
Implementation Method 2
select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation
Data Source
AI summary
A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.