Indium Precursor Solution Handling for MOCVD

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing indium-containing layers by metal-organic vapor deposition face challenges such as handling and dosing difficulties with pyrophoric solid trimethylindium, limited growth rate, and incomplete utilization of indium precursor, leading to impurities and complex processes.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of an indium-containing precursor compound in the form of a solution with 5-60% indium alkyl compounds and 40-95% hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes or aromatics, which are evaporated using a direct evaporator to achieve high mass throughput and purity, avoiding solid indium handling issues and parasitic doping.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If solid trimethylindium is used as precursor compound, then the vapor pressure is sufficient and contamination is reduced, but handling becomes problematic due to pyrophoricity and explosion risk

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapor pressure stabilityVSAvoidhandling safety
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a liquid carrier (such as toluene or xylene) as an intermediary substance to dissolve solid trimethylindium, forming a liquid solution that can be safely handled and dosed. This carrier mediates between the solid precursor and the gas phase, eliminating direct handling of pyrophoric solid TMI while maintaining controlled vapor delivery through the solution's evaporation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If solid trimethylindium is used, then contamination is minimized, but the growth rate is limited due to small amount passing into gas phase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer purityVSAvoidgrowth rate
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical state parameter of the precursor from solid to liquid solution form. By dissolving TMI in a liquid carrier, the system achieves higher mass throughput into the gas phase through controlled evaporation of the liquid solution, thereby increasing the growth rate while maintaining layer purity through controlled delivery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If solid trimethylindium is used in stainless steel cylinders, then storage is simplified, but the vessel must be emptied and refilled complexly after TMI is used up

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage simplicityVSAvoidrefilling time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables continuous operation by using liquid solutions that can be continuously supplied and evaporated. The liquid carrier system allows for continuous dosing without the need to empty and refill vessels, as the solution can be continuously pumped and delivered to the evaporation zone, maintaining uninterrupted indium delivery to the substrate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

4Ease of operation

If solid trimethylindium is used, then initial dosing is straightforward, but the amount released is difficult to meter and adjust continuously

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinitial dosing simplicityVSAvoidcontinuous dosing control
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical dosing of solid TMI (which relies on surface area changes and is difficult to control) with liquid flow metering systems. Liquid carriers can be precisely metered using flow controllers and pumps, enabling continuous and precise adjustment of the indium delivery rate through the solution's flow rate control before evaporation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables efficient, continuous, and high-purity production of indium-containing layers with improved handling and dosing, reducing the risk of explosions and allowing for complete utilization of indium, while minimizing energy expenditure and impurities.

Implementation Method 1

the indium-containing precursor compound being supplied in a solution consisting of (a) 5 to 60% by weight of a compound of the formula InR3... and (b) 40 to 95% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon... which are evaporated using a direct evaporator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 2

a reaction takes place on the surface of heated substrates, which leads to the deposition of the layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical Vapour Deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP3380646B1Method for the organometallic gas phase deposition under use of solutions of indiumalkyl compounds in hydrocarbons
Publication Date: 2020.07.08 UMICORE AG & CO KG
  • EP3380646B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3380646B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to methods for producing an indium-containing layer by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition, wherein the indium-containing layer is created in a reaction chamber on a substrate, wherein the indium is fed to the process in the form of an indium-containing precursor compound, which has the formula InR3, where the radicals R are selected independently of one another from alkyl radicals with up to 6 carbon atoms, characterized in that the feeding of the indium-containing precursor compound takes place in a solution which contains a solvent and the indium-containing precursor compound dissolved therein, wherein the solvent comprises at least one hydrocarbon with 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to solutions, consisting of a compound of the formula InR3, where R are selected independently of one another from alkyl radicals with 1 to 6 C atoms, and at least one hydrocarbon having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, uses of the solution for producing an indium-containing layer by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition, and devices for carrying out the method.