Indoor Localization via Electromagnetic Multipath Delay Profiles

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional indoor localization technologies, such as Wi-Fi-based systems, face challenges with reliability and accuracy due to environmental changes and signal fluctuations, and require frequent map updates, making them unsuitable for robust and stable indoor localization.

Innovation Solution

The method involves generating a localization map by extracting and associating electromagnetic multipath delay profiles from various locations, allowing for robust and stable localization by comparing extracted propagation components with pre-stored components, and using interpolation and similarity metrics to enhance accuracy and computational efficiency, while also providing privacy protection through data manipulation and camouflage fingerprints.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If Wi-Fi-based localization uses RSSI signals for fingerprinting, then localization can be implemented using existing infrastructure, but the system becomes highly sensitive to environmental changes and signal fluctuations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of implementationVSAvoidstability against environmental changes
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the localization approach by changing the measured parameter from RSSI (received signal strength indicator) to multipath delay profile characteristics. Instead of using signal strength which fluctuates with environmental changes, the system extracts temporal delay information from multipath components, which remains stable despite environmental variations. This parameter transformation resolves the contradiction by maintaining ease of implementation with existing Wi-Fi infrastructure while achieving reliability independent of environmental changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If conventional fingerprinting methods are used, then localization can be performed in non-LOS environments, but map construction becomes time-consuming and requires frequent updates when structural changes occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocalization capabilityVSAvoidmap construction time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts stable characteristic features (multipath delay profiles) from the electromagnetic signals that inherently capture the geometric structure of the environment. By focusing on delay timing rather than signal strength, the system creates fingerprints that are naturally robust to environmental changes, reducing the need for frequent map updates while maintaining adaptability to different locations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Measurement precision

If trilateration and triangulation algorithms are used, then distance estimation can be performed, but they only work reliably in line-of-sight environments and tiny measurement errors result in large localization errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance estimation accuracyVSAvoidenvironmental applicability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the harmful effect of multipath propagation (signal reflections causing distortion) into a beneficial feature for localization. Instead of treating multipath components as noise to be filtered out, the system extracts and utilizes the delay profiles of these reflected signals as stable fingerprints. This transforms the harmful multipath effect into a useful resource, enabling accurate localization in non-LOS environments where traditional methods fail.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Data Source

PatentEP3441782B1Localization based on an electromagnetic multipath delay profile
Publication Date: 2021.02.24 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT MUNCHEN
  • EP3441782B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3441782B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3441782B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for generating a localization map comprises receiving, at a first location, a first electromagnetic signal corresponding to a first plurality of propagation paths between at least one electromagnetic emitter and said first location; extracting, from said first electromagnetic signal, a first plurality of propagation components corresponding to said first plurality of propagation paths; receiving, at a second location different from said first location, a second electromagnetic signal corresponding to a second plurality of propagation paths between said at least one electromagnetic emitter and said second location; extracting, from said second electromagnetic signal, a second plurality of propagation components corresponding to said second plurality of propagation paths; and associating said first plurality of propagation components with said first location and said second plurality of propagation components with said second location in a database.