Induction Fluid Heater with Conductive Spheres

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electromagnetic induction fluid heaters face limitations such as restricted geometric scalability, high cost due to complex geometries, limited heat exchange surface, and inefficiency with high viscosity fluids, which hinder their competitiveness with resistive heaters and increase complexity.

Innovation Solution

A heater design featuring a hollow cylindrical container with a heating element composed of conductive spheres coated with insulating material, placed inside a coil generating an electromagnetic field, allowing for high heat exchange surface and mixing without stagnation points, and modular scalability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a tube bundle is used as the secondary winding, then electromagnetic induction heating can be achieved, but the heater size increases significantly for high fluid flow rates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefluid flow rateVSAvoidheater size
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The heating system is segmented into discrete heating zones along the pipe length, with multiple independent coil assemblies that can be activated selectively. This allows high flow rate fluids to be heated in sequential zones rather than requiring a single large heating volume, maintaining compact overall dimensions while handling high productivity requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The coil assemblies are nested within the pipe structure itself, with coils positioned concentrically around the fluid flow path. This nesting arrangement maximizes the heating surface area within the available radial space, enabling efficient heat transfer to high flow rate fluids without increasing the external heater dimensions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

2Loss of energy

If low loss magnetic circuit materials are used to improve heater efficiency, then energy efficiency increases, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnetic circuit lossesVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The magnetic circuit material is extracted from the design entirely. Instead of using traditional magnetic circuits with low loss materials, the invention employs direct electromagnetic induction heating where the pipe itself serves as the heating element, eliminating magnetic circuit losses and the associated high material costs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The magnetic circuit system is replaced with a direct electromagnetic field generation approach. High frequency coils generate electromagnetic fields that directly induce currents in the conductive pipe, substituting the mechanical magnetic circuit path with a field-based heating mechanism that reduces both energy losses and material costs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Area of stationary object

If the tube diameter is reduced to increase heat exchange surface, then heat exchange efficiency improves, but construction complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange surfaceVSAvoidconstruction complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchange surface is extended in the longitudinal dimension rather than reducing radial diameter. Multiple heating zones are distributed along the pipe length, providing large total heat exchange area while maintaining standard pipe diameters and simplifying construction. The coil assemblies are spaced along the pipe to create distributed heating sections

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

4Productivity

If mixing systems are added to tubes for high viscosity fluids, then heat exchange efficiency improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange efficiencyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The coil assemblies operate at high frequencies that induce vibrational motion in the fluid through electromagnetic forces. This vibration creates natural mixing effects in high viscosity fluids without requiring mechanical mixing systems, maintaining construction simplicity while improving heat exchange efficiency through enhanced fluid motion and reduced thermal boundary layers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design achieves high specific powers with uniform power density, efficient heat exchange, and cost-effectiveness, enabling operation with high viscosity fluids and scalability without complex geometries, thus overcoming previous limitations.

Implementation Method 1

the heat produced by Joule effect by parasitic currents induced in a conductive material by an electromagnetic field generated by one or more coils in which a variable current flows

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the heat produced by Joule effect by parasitic currents induced in a conductive material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule effect: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 3

a heating element consisting of a set of spheres, having a core of electrically conductive material and an external coating of electrically insulating material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3528594B1Electromagnetic induction electric heater for fluids
Publication Date: 2019.12.11 ATOS SPA
  • EP3528594B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3528594B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3528594B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Heater for electromagnetic induction fluids (100), comprising: - a coil (1) crossed by an alternating electric current for the generation of an electromagnetic field, - a container (2), arranged inside the electromagnetic induction coil, consisting of a hollow cylindrical element made of non-magnetic electrically non-conductive material, containing inside it a heating element (3), in the area in which the coil induces the electromagnetic field, - two perforated flanges (5) for closing the container (2) provided with connections for the passage of the fluid, - a thermal insulation (6) between the coil (1) and the container (2) made of an electrically non-conductive and non-magnetic material, - in which the heating element (3) consists of a set of balls (4), having a core (4 ") of electrically conductive material and an outer coating (4 ') of electrically insulating material.