Inductive Charging Inverter Pulse Pattern Modulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Inductive charging systems for electric vehicles face inefficiencies due to increasing losses at partial load operations, primarily due to line losses in coils and inverters, which are exacerbated by the need for additional DC/DC converters on the secondary side to manage voltage, leading to weight, space, and efficiency issues.

Innovation Solution

The system employs a switching strategy in the inverter and rectifier devices using pulse pattern modulation, allowing for zero voltage or zero current switching modes without additional impedance converters, thereby optimizing power transmission across all operating points and reducing hardware requirements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If additional DC/DC converters are installed on the secondary side to manage voltage, then voltage control capability is improved, but device complexity, weight, and installation space increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage control capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the secondary-side DC/DC converter from the system by extracting this component entirely. Instead, voltage control is achieved through primary-side control methods including pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter and impedance matching networks, eliminating the need for additional power conversion hardware on the vehicle side.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The primary-side control system is enhanced to perform multiple functions: it simultaneously manages power inversion, voltage regulation, and impedance matching. The inverter circuit on the primary side is designed to handle both power conversion and voltage control tasks that would traditionally require separate DC/DC converters on the secondary side.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If additional DC/DC converters are installed on the secondary side to manage voltage, then voltage control capability is improved, but weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage control capabilityVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the secondary-side DC/DC converter from the system by extracting this component entirely. Instead, voltage control is achieved through primary-side control methods including pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter and impedance matching networks, eliminating the need for additional power conversion hardware on the vehicle side.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Adaptability or versatility

If additional DC/DC converters are installed on the secondary side to manage voltage, then voltage control capability is improved, but installation space increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage control capabilityVSAvoidinstallation space
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the secondary-side DC/DC converter from the system by extracting this component entirely. Instead, voltage control is achieved through primary-side control methods including pulse width modulation (PWM) of the inverter and impedance matching networks, eliminating the need for additional power conversion hardware on the vehicle side.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Loss of energy

If line losses in coils and inverters are reduced by optimizing transmission, then efficiency at partial load is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveline lossesVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic impedance matching networks that automatically adjust their characteristics based on the operating conditions (load level, coupling factor). This dynamic adaptation allows the system to optimize power transfer and minimize losses across different operating points without requiring manual intervention or complex additional control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system optimizes transmission efficiency by dynamically changing electrical parameters including impedance values, switching frequencies, and pulse widths. These parameter adjustments are made through control circuits that monitor system conditions and modify operating parameters to minimize losses in coils and inverters across various load conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

5Power

If switching frequency is increased to improve power transmission, then power transmission capability is improved, but losses and magnetic field emissions increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmission capabilityVSAvoidlosses
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes resonant periodic oscillations in the primary and secondary coils to enable efficient energy transfer. By operating at the resonant frequency of the coupled coils, the system achieves effective power transmission without requiring excessively high switching frequencies, thereby minimizing losses and magnetic field emissions while maintaining good coupling conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances efficiency and reduces losses by minimizing voltage applied to the transmission device, maintaining high efficiency at both full and partial load operations, and allows for operation at higher frequencies with minimal hardware, eliminating the need for additional passive and active components.

Implementation Method 1

the primary coil generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field that penetrates the secondary coil and induces a corresponding current there

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The current flow typically results from the excitation of the oscillating circuit formed by the primary coil and a corresponding compensation capacitance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3134952B1Transmission system, method for inductively charging an electrically driven vehicle, and vehicle assembly
Publication Date: 2022.12.07 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP3134952B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3134952B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3134952B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a transmission system for transmitting energy to a load without contact, comprising a transmission device for transmitting electrical energy without contact, an inverter device, which is arranged between an energy source that provides supply power and the transmission device and which is designed to transmit electrical energy from the energy source to the transmission device, a rectifier device, which is arranged between the transmission device and the load and which is designed to transmit the electrical energy from the transmission device to the load, wherein the inverter device is designed to set the amount of the transmitted electrical power by means of pulse pattern modulation of the energy source and/or the rectifier device is designed to set the amount of the transmitted electrical power by means of pulse pattern modulation of power provided by the transmission device. The invention further relates to a method and to a vehicle assembly.