Inductor Current Zero-Crossing Timing for Sensorless Converter Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for controlling active voltage converters in power electronics face challenges due to high switching frequencies, requiring immediate responses to zero current crossings, which strain control units and lack closed-loop control, making them inefficient and costly.

Innovation Solution

A method that determines parameters based on the time period between zero crossings of inductor current, allowing for delayed reactions and using this time period to calculate average or peak current values without the need for current sensors, enabling plausibility checks and error detection, and using cheaper microcontrollers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If classic zero current detection (ZCD) method is used to control active voltage converters at high switching frequencies, then the switching frequency can be increased to improve power density and efficiency, but the control unit must react immediately to zero current crossings within the same switching period, requiring several arithmetic operations and register accesses that must complete within a small fraction of the switching period

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching frequencyVSAvoidcontrol response time
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by determining the zero crossing point of the inductor current in advance during the current switching period, before the next switching decision is required. This allows the control unit to prepare control signals ahead of time, reducing the critical response time for switching decisions and enabling higher switching frequencies without increasing control complexity during critical moments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If classic ZCD method is used with immediate reaction to zero current crossings, then control dynamics can be improved, but there is no time for validating the ZCD signal and correcting errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol dynamicsVSAvoidsignal validation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary validation of the zero current detection signal by checking whether the determined zero crossing point lies within an expected time window based on previous switching behavior. This preliminary check allows the system to validate signals and correct errors before they affect control decisions, maintaining both fast dynamics and high reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by using the determined zero crossing information to adjust and optimize control signals for subsequent switching operations. The system continuously monitors whether zero crossing detections are consistent with expected behavior and uses this feedback to correct deviations, ensuring reliable operation at high switching frequencies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Ease of operation

If classic ZCD method is used, then zero current crossing control can be achieved, but many microcontrollers don't offer the option of direct, external intervention in the PWM module and the switching frequency is usually not controllable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvezero current crossing controlVSAvoidmicrocontroller compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the need for specialized hardware ZCD circuits and direct PWM module intervention with a software-based method that uses standard microcontroller timers and counters. By determining zero crossing points through software analysis of current sensor signals and using this information to generate PWM control signals through general-purpose output channels, the system achieves the same control functionality on standard microcontrollers without requiring special hardware features.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Volume of moving object

If high switching frequencies are used to minimize the size of passive components, then power density is improved, but the control unit faces very high demands to react immediately within the same switching period

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepassive component sizeVSAvoidcontrol unit demands
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent reduces control unit demands at high switching frequencies by performing preliminary determination of zero crossing points and pre-calculating optimal switching times before critical switching decisions are required. This advance preparation eliminates the need for complex real-time calculations during critical switching periods, enabling high switching frequencies with standard control units and reducing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4200968B1Method and apparatus for ascertaining a parameter, said parameter characterizing a current or a voltage in a circuit arrangement
Publication Date: 2025.09.10 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP4200968B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4200968B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP4200968B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

Disclosed is a method (100) for ascertaining a parameter ((l_avg, l_N, l_P, V_c), said parameter ((l_avg, l_N, l_P, V_c) characterizing a current or a voltage in a circuit arrangement (200). The circuit arrangement (200) comprises an inductor (L) through which an alternating choke current (I_L) flows. The method comprises the steps of: - ascertaining (120) at least one duration (TN1) between two zero crossings (N_-, N_+) of the choke current (I_L) or a duration (TNE1) between a zero crossing (N_-, N_+) and an apex (E_-, E_+) of the choke current (I_L); - ascertaining (130) the parameter (l_avg, l_N, l_P, V_c) according to the ascertained duration (TN1, TNE1).