Infinite Layer Active Material for Fluoride Ion Battery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fluoride ion batteries lack an effective active material that can enhance their performance in terms of capacity and cycle properties.
Innovation Solution
A new active material with a crystal phase featuring an infinite layer structure, represented by ApBqOr, where A is an alkali earth or rare earth element and B is a transition metal, with specific X-ray diffraction peak positions, is introduced, allowing for improved fluoride ion intercalation and capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional active materials are used in fluoride ion batteries, then the battery can operate, but the capacity and cycle properties are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the crystal structure parameter from layered to infinite layer structure, and optimizes the compositional parameters (p, q, r ratios) to achieve both high capacity and excellent cycle properties. This structural parameter change enables superior fluoride ion intercalation while maintaining structural stability over many cycles.
Solution Approach 2:
The active material uses a composite composition combining alkali earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba) with transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu) in an infinite layer structure. This composite approach leverages the benefits of different elements to achieve both high capacity and long cycle life simultaneously.
2Quantity of substance
If high-capacity active materials are used, then the battery capacity improves, but structural expansion and contraction increase
Solution Approach 1:
The infinite layer structure provides locally optimized regions for fluoride ion insertion while maintaining overall structural integrity. The specific stacking sequence and interlayer spacing create favorable local environments that accommodate ion intercalation without causing global structural collapse.
Solution Approach 2:
The robust infinite layer structure acts as a pre-designed framework that cushions against the expansion and contraction stresses during fluoride ion intercalation. The structure is inherently designed to withstand these mechanical stresses, preventing degradation that would otherwise limit cycle life.
3Reliability
If new active materials with infinite layer structure are developed, then capacity and cycle properties improve, but resource risks increase due to use of rare earth and transition metals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the compositional parameters by using common alkali earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba) combined with transition metals in controlled ratios. This parameter optimization achieves high performance while considering resource availability and reducing dependence on critically scarce materials.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new active material exhibits excellent capacity, cycle properties, and rate performance, while minimizing resource risks due to its composition and structure, which facilitates easier fluoride ion intercalation and reduces structural expansion/contraction.
Implementation Method 1
a new active material that can be used in a fluoride ion battery... excellent capacity, cycle properties, and rate performance, while minimizing resource risks due to its composition and structure, which facilitates easier fluoride ion intercalation
Implementation Method 2
the crystal phase includes a peak at the position of 2θ=32.1°±1.0°, 2θ=35.1°±1.0°, 2θ=46.0°±1.0°, and 2θ=59.1°±1.0° in an X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα-ray
Data Source
AI summary
A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a new active material that can be used in a fluoride ion battery. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an active material to be used in a fluoride ion battery, the active material comprising: a crystal phase including an infinite layer structure, and represented by ApBqOr, provided that A is at least one of an alkali earth metal element and a rare earth element, B is a transition metal element, p satisfies 0.8≤p≤1, q satisfies 0.8≤q≤1, and r satisfies 1.5≤r≤2.5.