Self-Calibrating Mirror for Infrared Detector Drift

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current infrared imaging systems used for measuring low radiance levels in natural sky backgrounds at high altitudes face significant drift due to ambient temperature changes, requiring a calibrated radiation reference that is not easily achievable without consuming power or increasing weight and space.

Innovation Solution

A high-reflectivity front-surface mirror is positioned near the optical axis of the detector array within a dewar, allowing the array to see a reflection of itself, providing a stable, low-level calibration reference that is compact and rugged for airborne use, maintaining the array at a stable 77 Kelvin.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a calibrated radiation reference is used to reduce measurement drift, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and power consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiometric measurement precisionVSAvoidcalibration system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The detector array serves itself as the calibration source by reflecting its own thermal radiation off a high-reflectivity mirror. This self-calibration mechanism eliminates the need for external calibrated radiation references, reducing device complexity and power consumption while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The detector array performs dual functions: detecting external infrared radiation and serving as a self-calibration source through self-reflection. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate calibration equipment, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining calibration accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If a calibrated radiation reference is used to reduce measurement drift, then measurement precision is improved, but weight and space requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiometric measurement precisionVSAvoidcalibration system weight
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the detector array's own thermal radiation as the calibration reference, eliminating the need for heavy external calibrated radiation sources. This self-service approach maintains measurement precision while significantly reducing the weight of the calibration system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of using a physical calibrated radiation reference, the system creates an optical copy of the detector array's thermal radiation through mirror reflection. This virtual calibration reference provides the necessary calibration information without requiring additional physical mass.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Adaptability or versatility

If ambient temperature changes occur during flight, then operational adaptability is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to drift

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflight environment adaptabilityVSAvoidradiometric measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the reflected thermal radiation from the detector array itself as a feedback reference to monitor and correct for temperature-induced drift. By continuously comparing measurements against this stable self-generated reference, the system maintains measurement precision despite ambient temperature changes during flight operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system accounts for temperature parameter changes by using the detector array's own thermal radiation characteristics at its operating temperature as the calibration reference. This approach adapts to temperature changes rather than requiring constant temperature control, maintaining precision across varying flight conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution provides a stable calibration reference at very low radiation levels without power consumption or significant space/weight addition, reducing uncertainty in radiometric measurements by matching the radiance level near that of the target and background.

Implementation Method 1

a focal plane array imager including a lens and a focal plane array disposed behind the lens and configured to image a sky background through the lens

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInfrared radiation detection: Infrared Radiation

Implementation Method 2

positioning a mirror outside of the gimbal turret such that the mirror provides a calibration reference for the focal plane array imager

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentUS9234796B1Low-radiance infrared airborne calibration reference
Publication Date: 2016.01.12 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
  • US9234796B1 patent drawing
  • US9234796B1 patent drawing
  • US9234796B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A low-radiance infrared airborne calibration reference is an infrared imaging and calibration method. The method includes positioning a mirror perpendicular to an optical axis of a focal plane array in both an open-face position and a mirror-reading position. Temperatures of a lens, window, and the mirror are determined. In-band radiance and offset is calculated to generate an adjusted calibration curve.