Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate Estimation Using Infrared Imagery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for estimating land surface temperature lapse rate using infrared images face challenges due to atmospheric effects and emissivity variations, leading to inaccurate temperature measurements, especially in alpine areas where automatic meteorological observation equipment is scarce.
Innovation Solution
A method that selects a target area with high emissivity, calculates atmospheric transmittance, estimates reference temperature, generates a temperature difference image, and uses linear regression analysis with a Digital Elevation Map to estimate land surface temperature lapse rate, minimizing atmospheric effects and improving precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If automatic meteorological observation devices are deployed in alpine areas, then temperature data can be collected, but the devices are easily damaged by wind, heavy rain and heavy snow and power supply is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses satellite infrared sensors to capture thermal radiation images of the land surface, creating a remote copy of temperature data without deploying physical observation devices in the harsh alpine environment. This eliminates the reliability issues of physical devices while maintaining measurement capability through satellite-based thermal imaging
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical meteorological observation devices with satellite-based infrared sensing systems. The mechanical devices that are vulnerable to damage are substituted with remote sensing technology that captures thermal radiation directly from space, avoiding the need for physical presence in harsh conditions
2Ease of manufacture
If temperature is estimated from infrared images without atmospheric correction, then data acquisition is simple, but atmospheric effects cause inaccurate temperature measurements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary atmospheric correction by calculating atmospheric transmittance using meteorological data before converting infrared radiance to temperature. This preliminary action removes atmospheric interference in advance, ensuring accurate temperature measurements while maintaining the simplicity of the overall process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces atmospheric transmittance calculation as an intermediary step between infrared image acquisition and temperature estimation. This intermediary process accounts for atmospheric absorption and emission effects, bridging the gap between raw satellite data and accurate land surface temperature while maintaining computational efficiency
3Device complexity
If emissivity variations are not considered, then temperature estimation is straightforward, but emissivity differences lead to inaccurate temperature measurements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selecting target areas with high and relatively uniform emissivity characteristics. This approach allows the system to focus on regions where emissivity variations are minimal, maintaining measurement accuracy while avoiding the complexity of correcting for emissivity differences across diverse land covers
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the selection criterion for target areas from general land surface to specifically high-emissivity areas. This parameter change in area selection strategy ensures that emissivity effects are minimized, allowing straightforward temperature estimation without complex emissivity correction while maintaining high measurement accuracy
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables precise estimation of land surface temperature lapse rate, enhancing the accuracy of temperature changes and risk assessment in alpine areas, suitable for various applications including land surface temperature diagram generation and ecological system analysis.
Implementation Method 1
converting the radiant energy of a land surface, collected via an infrared sensor, into temperature
Data Source
AI summary
A method of estimating land surface temperature lapse rate using an infrared image is disclosed. In the method of estimating land surface temperature lapse rate using an infrared image, a target area for the estimation of land surface temperature lapse rate is selected. The atmospheric transmittance of the target area is calculated. Reference temperature is estimated at a reference location set in the target area as desired. A temperature difference is calculated from the atmospheric transmittance and the estimated reference temperature, and then a temperature difference image is generated. Land surface temperature lapse rate is estimated from the temperature difference image and a Digital Elevation Map (DEM) in an identical area using an elevation-based temperature difference distribution.