Inhibited Noble-Metal-Free Hydrosilylation Mixture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Noble metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation processes are costly and unstable, with limited availability and high price fluctuations, and existing non-noble metal alternatives lack stability and control over the reaction initiation.
Innovation Solution
A hydrosilylatable mixture containing a compound with a cationic Si(II) group as catalyst, where the reaction is suppressed by alkoxysilicon compounds at ambient temperature and triggered by heating, allowing for a stable and controlled hydrosilylation process without noble metals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If noble metal complexes are used as catalysts, then the hydrosilylation reaction can be controlled and suppressed at ambient temperature, but the cost increases significantly due to high price of noble metals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive noble metal catalysts with a cheaper silicon-based catalyst system comprising a silylium salt and an alkoxysilane. This substitution eliminates the need for costly precious metals while maintaining the ability to control and suppress the reaction at ambient temperature through the inhibitor mechanism.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical nature of the catalyst from noble metal-based to silicon-based, fundamentally altering the catalytic system's properties. This parameter change enables cost reduction while preserving the essential functionality of reaction control through temperature-dependent inhibition.
2Quantity of substance
If transition metal complexes are used as alternatives, then the cost decreases, but the stability is insufficient requiring larger amounts which leads to discoloration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a silicon-based catalyst system that is both cheaper and more stable than transition metal complexes. The silylium salt-alkoxysilane combination provides sufficient stability to function at low concentrations without causing discoloration, unlike transition metal alternatives that require higher amounts.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite catalytic system by combining a silylium salt with an alkoxysilane inhibitor. This composite approach enhances the overall stability and performance of the catalyst system, allowing it to maintain effectiveness without requiring excessive quantities that would lead to discoloration.
3Quantity of substance
If transition metal complexes are used, then the cost is reduced, but there is no inhibition mechanism to suppress hydrosilylation during mixing and trigger it by temperature increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an alkoxysilane compound as an intermediary inhibitor that mediates between the silylium salt catalyst and the reactants. This intermediary suppresses the reaction at ambient temperature during mixing but can be removed or deactivated by temperature increase, enabling controlled reaction initiation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by using the alkoxysilane inhibitor to preemptively suppress the hydrosilylation reaction during the mixing phase. This preliminary suppression prevents unwanted reaction until the desired mixing is complete, after which temperature increase removes the inhibition and allows the reaction to proceed.
4Reliability
If noble metal catalysts are used, then the reaction can be suppressed at ambient temperature, but the availability is limited and exposed to price fluctuations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces noble metal catalysts with a silicon-based system that is more readily available and not subject to the same market constraints. This substitution maintains the ability to suppress reactions at ambient temperature while improving availability and reducing exposure to price fluctuations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent fundamentally changes the catalyst material from noble metal to silicon-based compounds, altering the supply chain dependencies and availability characteristics. This parameter change improves accessibility while preserving the essential reaction suppression capability at ambient temperature.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process achieves stable reaction suppression at ambient temperature and efficient initiation by heating, providing a cost-effective and stable alternative to noble metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation.
Implementation Method 1
compound C containing at least one cationic Si(II) moiety as catalyst
Implementation Method 2
the hydrosilylation reaction catalyzed by compound C as a nonmetallic hydrosilylation catalyst can be completely suppressed by the addition of alkoxysilicon compounds D
Implementation Method 3
the reaction can be triggered by heating
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a mixture M which contains a compound A that contains at least one hydrogen atom bonded directly to Si, compound B that contains at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond, compound C that contains at least one cationic Si (II) moiety and compound D that contains at least one alkoxy moiety bonded directly to silicon, and to a method for the hydrosilylation of the mixture M, according to which the mixture M is heated.