Injectable Bone Repair Composite Using Decellularized Matrix
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bone repair materials face challenges such as increased surgery duration and cost due to the need for autologous bone harvesting, complex extraction processes for type I collagen, and potential immune responses from chemical crosslinking agents, while existing bioceramics have limitations in regulating degradation rates and biological activity.
Innovation Solution
An injectable composite material combining microfibrillar biological tissue matrix with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite, forming a three-dimensional scaffold that promotes bone growth without the need for additional crosslinking, using a method involving sterilization and decellularization of tissue matrix materials and bioceramic particles, allowing for seamless bone defect filling and enhanced osteogenic activity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If autologous bone tissues are harvested from the patient's own body, then excellent osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity, and osteogenecity are achieved, but surgery duration and cost increase due to additional surgery at the donor site
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and utilizes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors from the patient's own bone marrow, separating the beneficial biological components from the need for large-scale bone harvesting. This allows the essential osteogenic elements to be obtained without performing additional donor site surgery, thus maintaining reliability while reducing surgery duration.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the physical state and concentration parameters of bone marrow components by preparing a bone marrow extract with optimized composition. This allows the essential osteogenic factors to be delivered in a concentrated, controllable form that achieves therapeutic效果 without requiring large volumes of harvested bone tissue.
2Reliability
If chemically purified type I collagen is used, then a biological matrix is provided, but the extraction process becomes complex and the collagen is denatured during extraction
Solution Approach 1:
The invention utilizes the bone marrow matrix's inherent biological properties and self-organizing capabilities rather than relying on complex external extraction and purification processes. The bone marrow extract naturally contains the necessary biological components in their native, functional forms, eliminating the need for complex chemical purification that would denature the collagen.
3Stability of the object's composition
If chemical crosslinking agents are used to stabilize collagen, then structural stability is achieved, but immune and inflammatory response is induced during implantation
Solution Approach 1:
The invention removes the need for chemical crosslinking agents by utilizing the natural structural stability and biological functionality of the bone marrow matrix. The extract contains native biological components that provide structural integrity without requiring external chemical stabilizers, thereby eliminating the source of immune and inflammatory responses.
4Reliability
If calcium phosphate bioceramics are used, then osteoconductivity and biocompatibility are improved, but degradation rate regulation is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates a composite system combining bone marrow extract with calcium phosphate bioceramics. The organic bone marrow components and inorganic bioceramic particles work synergistically, where the bioceramics provide osteoconductivity and structural framework, while the bone marrow extract provides osteoinductive factors and regulates degradation through its biological activity, achieving both improved reliability and adaptability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composite material effectively induces bone regeneration through multiple biological mechanisms, avoiding the drawbacks of existing materials by providing a biocompatible, osteoinductive, and osteogenic solution for bone defects, suitable for various bone repair applications including trauma, tumor resection, and osteonecrosis.
Implementation Method 1
The matrix of tissues and organs is a three-dimensional network composed of various complex structural and functional proteins, and contains many other active components. The main ingredients include collagen fibers, glycoproteins, mucins, etc.
Implementation Method 2
Recent studies have shown that the calcium and phosphate ions released during the degradation of calcium phosphate bioceramics can positively affect osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone environment, and play an important role during the process of bone repair and regeneration.
Implementation Method 3
A large number of studies have shown that calcium phosphate bioceramics can absorb/enrich the proteins required for the formation of bones, facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and thereby induce the regeneration of new bones.
Data Source
AI summary
An injectable composite material for bone repair comprises a biological tissue material and bioceramics in order to serve as a three-dimensional scaffold for bone regeneration. The biological tissue material consists of microfibers having a naturally cross-linked structure without additional physical or chemical cross-linking, has superior biological compatibility, and can be slowly and completely degraded in vivo. The bioceramics in the composite material serves as a reinforcing phase. When combining the biological tissue material with the bioceramics, the composite material provides a template for bone tissue regeneration to effectively induce bone growth. The injectable composite material for bone repair can be used to fill bone defects, particularly critical-sized bone defects, and can be combined with a biological agent such as bone marrow to improve its biological activity. Therefore, the composite material can be widely used to repair bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, osteonecrosis, and infection.