Indium Phosphide Substrate Backside Flatness for Uniform Epitaxy

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

The indium phosphide substrate exhibits significant warpage during epitaxial growth, leading to non-uniform heat conduction and substrate temperature, which deteriorates the quality of the epitaxial crystal layer and semiconductor epitaxial wafer performance.

Innovation Solution

The substrate's back surface warpage is controlled within specific BOW, SORI, and WARP values, ensuring uniform contact with the susceptor, achieved through precise cutting and etching processes using a wire saw with controlled wire delivery and etching solutions, resulting in a substrate with reduced warpage and improved heat conduction uniformity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the indium phosphide substrate is supported by a susceptor from the back surface side during epitaxial growth, then the substrate can be held in position for processing, but larger warpage of the back surface results in non-uniform contact with the susceptor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubstrate positioning stabilityVSAvoidcontact uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by controlling the warpage of the back surface to be within specific BOW, SORI, and WARP value ranges before the epitaxial growth process begins. This pre-control prevents the warpage from causing non-uniform contact with the susceptor during processing, thereby eliminating the harmful effect before it can occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

2Ease of manufacture

If the back surface of the substrate has large warpage, then the substrate can be manufactured with simpler processes, but this results in non-uniform in-plane distribution of heat conduction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubstrate fabrication simplicityVSAvoidheat conduction uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a combination of etching solutions and controlled processing conditions that create uniform material removal across the substrate surface. The etching process, conducted under controlled conditions with specific solutions, acts similarly to a uniform hydraulic action that removes material evenly, achieving flat back surfaces with BOW values within the specified ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Ease of manufacture

If the substrate has large warpage, then manufacturing costs are reduced, but this causes non-uniform substrate temperature during epitaxial growth

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction costVSAvoidtemperature uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by establishing specific numerical ranges for BOW, SORI, and WARP values that optimize the balance between manufacturing feasibility and temperature uniformity. By controlling warpage parameters within these defined ranges, the substrate achieves sufficient flatness for uniform heat distribution while maintaining practical manufacturability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Productivity

If the back surface warpage is not controlled, then the substrate manufacturing process is simpler and faster, but this deteriorates the quality of the epitaxial crystal layer

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing efficiencyVSAvoidepitaxial crystal layer quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary action by controlling the warpage of the back surface through optimized cutting and etching processes before the epitaxial growth stage. This pre-control ensures that the substrate is properly prepared with acceptable flatness parameters, preventing quality deterioration during subsequent high-precision epitaxial processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The controlled warpage of the indium phosphide substrate ensures uniform heat distribution during epitaxial growth, enhancing the quality of the epitaxial crystal layer and reducing performance issues such as emission wavelength shifts.

Implementation Method 1

cutting a wafer from an indium phosphide ingot with a wire saw

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbrasion: Abrasion

Implementation Method 2

etching the cut wafer; etching the polished wafer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical etching: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

polishing at least one surface of the chamfered wafer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical polishing: Friction

Implementation Method 4

non-uniform in-plane distribution of heat conduction to the substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentUS11894225B2Indium phosphide substrate, semiconductor epitaxial wafer, and method for producing indium phosphide substrate
Publication Date: 2024.02.06 JX NIPPON MINING & METALS CORP

AI summary

Provided is an indium phosphide substrate, a semiconductor epitaxial wafer, and a method for producing an indium phosphide substrate, which can satisfactorily suppress warpage of the back surface of the substrate. The indium phosphide substrate includes a main surface for forming an epitaxial crystal layer and a back surface opposite to the main surface, wherein the back surface has a BOW value of −2.0 to 2.0 μm, as measured with the back surface of the indium phosphide substrate facing upward.