InP Wafer Backside Pits for Uniform Epitaxial Heating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods fail to control the surface roughness and morphology of indium phosphide wafers, particularly the backside surface, which affects the temperature distribution and quality of epitaxial layers grown on {100} oriented indium phosphide wafers.

Innovation Solution

A method involving surface lapping, etching with specific ratios of acidic substances, deionized water, and oxidizing agents, followed by mechanical and chemical polishing, to create controlled pits on the backside surface of {100} indium phosphide wafers, achieving uniform emissivity and roughness for improved epitaxial growth.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional wafer lapping and etching are used, then the substrate backside surface can be processed, but the surface roughness and morphology cannot be controlled uniformly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface roughness and morphology controlVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical parameters of the etching solution by adding oxidizing agents (potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, or hydrogen peroxide) to traditional acidic etchants. This parameter modification transforms the etching mechanism to enable controlled formation of uniform pits with specific dimensions (0.5-5 μm diameter, 0.1-2 μm depth) and controlled surface roughness (0.1-2 μm Ra), resolving the inability to control surface morphology uniformly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite etching system by combining acidic substances (hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid) with oxidizing agents in specific concentration ratios. This composite chemical system produces synergistic effects that enable precise control over pit formation and surface morphology, achieving uniform emissivity characteristics that neither component could achieve alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If the backside surface is left smooth, then manufacturing is simpler, but the emissivity cannot be controlled affecting epitaxial growth quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveepitaxial growth qualityVSAvoidsurface structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention applies local quality modification by creating controlled pits at specific locations and depths on the backside surface while maintaining uniform distribution. The pits have controlled dimensions (0.5-5 μm diameter, 0.1-2 μm depth) that create localized emissivity variations, enabling precise control of thermal radiation characteristics without requiring complex overall surface restructuring.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces curved pit structures with controlled depth and diameter ratios on the backside surface. These spheroidal or hemispherical pit geometries enhance thermal radiation absorption and emission characteristics compared to flat surfaces, improving emissivity control for epitaxial growth while maintaining relatively simple manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

3Manufacturing precision

If the front surface temperature is not controlled uniformly, then the epitaxial layer quality varies across the wafer

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature uniformityVSAvoidprocess simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention performs preliminary action by pre-modifying the backside surface morphology (creating controlled pits and roughness) before the epitaxial growth process. This pre-treatment establishes controlled thermal radiation characteristics that actively regulate front surface temperature distribution during growth, eliminating the need for complex real-time temperature control mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention converts the typically harmful effect of surface roughness (which causes non-uniform heating) into a beneficial feature. By deliberately creating controlled pits and roughness patterns on the backside, the invention enhances thermal radiation absorption and creates a self-regulating temperature distribution on the front surface, improving epitaxial layer uniformity without additional complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method results in wafers with controllable emissivity and uniform thermal radiation absorption, leading to consistent front surface temperature distribution and improved quality and uniformity of epitaxial layers.

Implementation Method 1

etching the {100} indium phosphide (InP) wafer by immersing it into etching solutions to produce etch pits

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical etching:

Implementation Method 2

the etching solutions comprise of an acidic substance, deionized water and an oxidizing agent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

uniform emissivity for uniform absorption of thermal radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 4

uniform thermal radiation absorption

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 5

subjecting the {100} indium phosphide (InP) wafer which has the back side surface been protected and has been etched to mechanical polishing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical polishing: Abrasion

Implementation Method 6

and chemical polishing, and then washing it with deionized water

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical polishing:

Data Source

PatentEP3659174B1Indium phosphide wafer having pits on the back side, method and etching solution for manufacturing the same
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 BEIJING TONGMEI XTAL TECH CO LTD
  • EP3659174B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3659174B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP3659174B1 patent drawingFigure 2c~2d

AI summary

A {100} indium phosphide (InP) wafer with pits distributed on the back side thereof, a method and an etching solution for manufacturing thereof are provided, wherein the pits on the back side have an elongated shape with a maximum dimension of the long axis of 65 μm, and the pits have a maximum depth of 6.0 μm. The {100} indium phosphide (InP) wafer has controllable pits distribution on the back side, thus provide a controllable emissivity of the wafer back side surface for better control of wafer back side heating during the epitaxial growth.