Insensitive Explosive Composition for Rock Fracturing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing explosive compositions are highly sensitive, limiting their use in applications requiring extrudability and safety due to their propensity to react under impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge, which restricts their application in rock fracturing and other industrial processes.
Innovation Solution
Development of insensitive explosive compositions formed by reacting explosive diamine monomers with di-isocyanate or poly-isocyanate monomers, resulting in oligomeric or polymeric products that are extrudable before final cure, offering improved mechanical properties and reduced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, allowing safe processing and use in various applications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional explosive compositions are used, then high explosive performance is achieved, but high sensitivity to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses composite materials by combining explosive diamine monomers with di-isocyanate or poly-isocyanate monomers to create a polymeric or oligomeric matrix. This composite structure embeds the explosive compounds within the polymer network, reducing sensitivity to mechanical stimuli while maintaining explosive performance. The polymer matrix acts as a protective medium that dampens impact and friction effects on the explosive molecules.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical and physical parameters of the explosive composition by forming covalent bonds between explosive monomers and isocyanate monomers. This chemical transformation converts traditional sensitive explosive compounds into a polymeric structure with different physical properties, including reduced sensitivity and improved thermal stability, while preserving the explosive functionality.
2Ease of manufacture
If traditional explosive compositions are used, then explosive power is maintained, but extrudability and processability are limited due to sensitivity concerns
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies dynamics by creating a composition that transitions from a liquid or semi-liquid state during extrusion to a cured solid state after placement. The uncured composition contains reactive monomers that can be extruded through nozzles and applied to rock surfaces, then cures in situ to form the final explosive structure. This dynamic state change enables easy processing while maintaining safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses preliminary action by allowing the composition to cure partially or fully before detonation. The uncured or partially cured composition can be extruded and positioned on rock surfaces, then completes its curing process in place. This preliminary curing action enables safe handling and positioning before the final explosive function is activated.
3Strength
If insensitive explosive compositions are developed through polymerization, then safety and mechanical toughness are improved, but composition complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges multiple functions into a single composition system. The explosive diamine monomers provide explosive power, the di-isocyanate or poly-isocyanate monomers provide polymerization capability and mechanical toughness, and the resulting polymeric structure provides both structural integrity and sensitivity reduction. This merging eliminates the need for separate binder and explosive components, simplifying the overall composition despite the complex chemical reactions involved.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The insensitive explosive compositions demonstrate enhanced safety and mechanical toughness, enabling their use in extrudable forms for rock fracturing, mining, and other applications where traditional explosives are restricted, with improved thermal stability and compatibility, and the ability to form self-propping matrices in hydraulic fracturing.
Implementation Method 1
an insensitive explosive composition that is a mixture of an explosive diamine monomer with a di- and/or poly-isocyanate monomer, to an insensitive explosive reaction product of a reaction between these monomers
Implementation Method 2
As the compositions cures but prior to a final cure, the composition may be extruded into a variety of shapes. After a final cure, the composition tends to be rubbery and tough.
Data Source
AI summary
Insensitive explosive compositions were prepared by reacting di-isocyanate and/or poly-isocyanate monomers with an explosive diamine monomer. Prior to a final cure, the compositions are extrudable. The di-isocyanate monomers tend to produce tough, rubbery materials while polyfunctional monomers (i.e. having more than two isocyanate groups) tend to form rigid products. The extrudable form of the composition may be used in a variety of applications including rock fracturing.