Dynamic Audio Equalization Using Instantaneous Loudness Metadata

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional loudness equalization methods neglect the time-varying levels of spectral bands in audio content, leading to spectral distortions due to nonlinear loudness perception, and often require complex real-time processing with high latency.

Innovation Solution

A metadata-based loudness equalization scheme that uses instantaneous loudness values to control a time-varying spectral shaping filter, compensating for spectral distortions by adjusting the playback level, which can be seamlessly integrated into existing MPEG-D DRC standards, reducing complexity and latency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional adaptive filter loudness equalization is used, then loudness perception is improved, but processing complexity and latency increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveloudness perception accuracyVSAvoidprocessing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent pre-calculates and stores equalization filter coefficients at the encoding stage based on program loudness metadata, eliminating the need for complex real-time adaptive filtering at playback. The pre-computed coefficients are retrieved and applied directly, significantly reducing decoder complexity while maintaining accurate loudness equalization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses program loudness metadata (a copy of loudness information captured at encoding) to control the equalization process at playback without requiring real-time analysis of the audio signal. This metadata copy enables the system to reproduce the intended loudness characteristics without complex real-time processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If real-time adaptive filtering is implemented, then loudness equalization quality improves, but processing delay increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveequalization accuracyVSAvoidprocessing delay
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Equalization coefficients are pre-computed during encoding based on program loudness metadata and stored for later use. At playback, these pre-computed coefficients are retrieved and applied immediately without requiring real-time signal analysis, eliminating processing delay while maintaining equalization accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Manufacturing precision

If multi-band dynamic range compression is used to achieve EQ, then spectral control improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral control precisionVSAvoidnumber of bands
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines dynamic range control and loudness equalization into a single unified process. The same filter coefficients applied for DRC are also used for EQ, eliminating the need for separate multi-band processing while achieving both spectral control and loudness compensation through metadata-driven parameter adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP3329592B1Encoded audio metadata-based loudness equalization and dynamic equalization during drc
Publication Date: 2023.08.16 APPLE INC
  • EP3329592B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3329592B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3329592B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Dynamic loudness equalization of received audio content in a playback system, using metadata that includes instantaneous loudness values for the audio content. A playback level is derived from a user volume setting of the playback system, and is compared with a mixing level that is assigned to the audio content. Parameters are computed, that define an equalization filter that is filtering the audio content before driving a speaker with the filtered audio content, based on the instantaneous loudness values and the comparing of the playback level with the assigned mixing level. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.