Insulin Bolus Adjustment Using Activity-on-Board Profiles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing strategies for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are inadequate for unstructured physical activity, leading to glycemic imbalances and complications due to the multifactorial nature of blood glucose regulation, which is further complicated by patient behavior and physiological changes during and after physical activity.
Innovation Solution
A system and method that quantifies physical activity to adjust insulin dosing by calculating an accumulated activity on board (AOB) and using it to inform insulin bolus adjustments, integrating activity profiles and factors to optimize insulin delivery based on daily physical activity patterns.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If insulin dosing is adjusted to compensate for physical activity, then glycemic control is improved, but the complexity of dosing calculations increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system calculates accumulated physical activity in advance (activity on board) and uses this pre-computed information to adjust insulin dosing. By preparing activity data ahead of time and storing it for later use in bolus calculations, the system avoids the need for complex real-time calculations during actual dosing decisions, thus improving glycemic control while managing computational complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary variable called 'accumulated physical activity' (AOB) that mediates between physical activity monitoring and insulin dosing decisions. This intermediary parameter simplifies the relationship between activity and dosing by aggregating activity data into a single usable metric that can be directly incorporated into bolus calculations, reducing the overall complexity of the control system.
2Measurement precision
If physical activity monitoring is integrated into insulin dosing, then insulin dosing accuracy is improved, but the difficulty of detecting and measuring physical activity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses a multi-functional approach where the accumulated physical activity calculation serves multiple purposes: it quantifies activity impact on glucose, provides data for dosing adjustments, and creates an activity profile for long-term patterns. By making this single measurement system serve multiple functions, the patent reduces the overall measurement burden while improving dosing accuracy through comprehensive activity consideration.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary measurement and aggregation of physical activity data before it is needed for dosing decisions. By continuously accumulating activity data in the background and preparing activity profiles in advance, the system simplifies the measurement process and makes the data readily available for dosing calculations without adding complexity to the real-time dosing algorithm.
3Productivity
If accumulated physical activity is calculated continuously, then insulin dosing performance is improved, but the loss of time for data processing increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously accumulates physical activity data in the background before dosing decisions are needed. By performing this data collection and preliminary calculation in advance, the system eliminates the need for time-consuming real-time analysis during dosing moments, thus improving dosing performance while minimizing time loss in the critical decision-making period.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses periodic accumulation of activity data, aggregating physical activity into discrete time intervals (e.g., hourly or daily sums). This periodic approach allows efficient batch processing of activity data rather than continuous real-time calculation, improving computational efficiency and reducing processing time while maintaining dosing accuracy through regular updates of the activity profile.
Data Source
AI summary
A computer-implemented method for treating a patient suffering from Type I Diabetes (T1D). The method can include quantifying physical activity (PA) of the patient; calculating an accumulated PA periodically based on the quantified PA, the accumulated PA indicating an aggregate of the PA; and generating an activity informed insulin bolus by adjusting a prevalent functional insulin therapy bolus with a previous activity component, wherein the previous activity component is based on the accumulated daily PA, an activity profile, and an activity factor of the patient. The method can include determining an additional glucose uptake within a time period, the additional glucose uptake being caused by a PA; translating the additional glucose uptake into a number of insulin units with a same BG lowering impact; and generating an activity informed insulin bolus by adjusting a prevalent functional insulin therapy bolus with the insulin units.