Integrated Direct Shear Apparatus for Rock Structural Plane Testing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional indoor direct shear tests face issues such as sample preparation errors due to settlement, difficulty in maintaining the sheared direction, and eccentric moments caused by the loading system, affecting the accuracy and safety of the tests.
Innovation Solution
An integrated direct shear apparatus with a frame system, vertical and horizontal loading systems, and a shearing system, featuring a guide rail and rolling steel balls for precise displacement, and digitally hydraulic gauges for accurate data acquisition, addresses these issues by stabilizing the loading direction and reducing sample preparation errors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If traditional indoor direct shear test method is used, then the test can be conducted, but sample preparation errors occur due to excessive settlement and uneven settlement of the structural plane sample
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by preparing the structural plane sample within the shear box before the actual shear test. The shear box serves as a mold to contain and support the sample during preparation, preventing settlement and ensuring the sample achieves the required dimensional accuracy and surface flatness before testing begins.
Solution Approach 2:
The shear box acts as an intermediary device between the sample preparation process and the shear testing process. It provides a controlled environment for sample preparation, ensuring proper geometry and surface quality, and then serves as the containment structure during the shear test, thereby eliminating settlement errors.
2Force
If traditional jack and wire rope loading system is used, then normal load and shear load can be exerted, but eccentric moment is caused due to the normal jack being fixed on the upper shear box and the center line of normal load changing with sheared displacement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional mechanical jack and wire rope system with a hydraulic loading system. The hydraulic system uses a hydraulic jack connected to a rigid plate that can apply both normal and shear loads simultaneously. The hydraulic piston's movement is controlled to ensure the load application point remains aligned with the shear plane center, eliminating eccentric moments while maintaining loading capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The hydraulic loading system serves multiple functions: it can apply normal load, shear load, and control the positioning of the loading point. The rigid plate connected to the hydraulic piston acts as both a load application device and a positioning mechanism, ensuring the center line of normal load remains fixed relative to the shear plane throughout the test.
3Ease of operation
If traditional shear testing method is used, then the test can be conducted, but it is hard to maintain the sheared direction during the process of shearing due to the undulation of the structural plane
Solution Approach 1:
The shear box serves as an intermediary structure that confines the sample and provides a stable reference frame during shearing. The rigid walls of the shear box prevent the sample from undulating or moving laterally, ensuring the shear force applied by the hydraulic system acts consistently in the intended direction throughout the test.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the traditional mechanical shear application method with a hydraulic shear system. The hydraulic piston applies shear force through a controlled fluid pressure system, allowing smooth and precise control of the shear direction. The hydraulic system's ability to maintain constant pressure and controlled movement ensures consistent shear direction without the mechanical limitations of wire rope and jack systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus improves the accuracy and reliability of shear tests by minimizing sample preparation errors, maintaining consistent loading direction, and eliminating eccentric moments, leading to more precise and reliable experimental results.
Implementation Method 1
The sliding assisted device is combined with rolling ball hole and supported rolling steel ball that located both in a row and uniformly in the surface of the apparatus pedestal; the bottom of the shear box pedestal in the shearing system can connected with rolling steel ball, so as to make it possible for the shear box pedestal to conduct shear displacement with the promotion of horizontal loading system
Implementation Method 2
The vertical loading system comprises flat jack and rigid plate; and the flat jack is fixed on the apparatus top panel through fixed bolt of flat jack; the nozzle of flat jack penetrated through the apparatus top panel of the frame system and locate at the surface of it
Data Source
AI summary
An integrated-style shear apparatus for testing a rock structural plane includes a frame system, a vertical loading system, a horizontal loading system, and a shearing system. Both the vertical loading system and the horizontal loading system are fixed on the frame system, and the shearing system is installed inside the frame system. The shearing system is used to prepare the sample of structural plane and actualize the shear test. The vertical loading system and the horizontal loading system are used to provide normal stress and shear stress for the shearing system respectively.