Integrated Energy Power Device Three Electrode Architecture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage devices, such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors, face limitations in providing both high energy density and high power density simultaneously, often requiring separate devices that increase cost, size, and complexity.
Innovation Solution
An integrated energy and power device (IEPD) with three distinct electrodes - a faradaic cathode, a faradaic anode, and a non-faradaic cathode - sharing a single electrolyte, allowing for both energy storage through faradaic reactions and power delivery through double-layer capacitance in a single package.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If separate devices are used for energy storage and power delivery, then energy density and power density can be optimized independently, but device complexity, size, and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines energy storage and power delivery functions into a single integrated device with three electrodes (anode, non-faradaic cathode, and faradaic cathode) sharing a common electrolyte. This merging eliminates the need for separate battery and capacitor devices, reducing overall system complexity, size, and cost while maintaining both high energy density (comparable to lithium ion batteries) and high power density (greater than capacitors).
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated device performs multiple functions simultaneously: the anode and non-faradaic cathode provide power delivery through double-layer capacitance, while the anode and faradaic cathode provide energy storage through faradaic reactions. This multi-functionality allows a single device to replace both energy storage and power delivery components, achieving versatility without increasing device complexity.
2Device complexity
If a single device provides both energy storage and power delivery, then device size and cost are reduced, but achieving both high energy density and high power density simultaneously becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The device segments the electrochemical system into three distinct electrodes, each optimized for specific functions. The anode serves dual purposes for both power and energy, the non-faradaic cathode is optimized for power delivery, and the faradaic cathode is optimized for energy storage. This segmentation allows each component to be independently optimized while working together in an integrated system, achieving both high energy density and high power density in a single compact device.
Solution Approach 2:
Different electrode materials and structures are used in different parts of the device to optimize local performance. The non-faradaic cathode uses materials optimized for rapid charge/discharge (power), while the faradaic cathode uses materials optimized for high capacity (energy). This local quality differentiation enables the single device to achieve both high energy density and high power density simultaneously.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The IEPD achieves energy densities comparable to lithium ion batteries and power densities greater than capacitors, reducing device size, weight, and manufacturing costs while enabling efficient energy and power delivery for various applications.
Implementation Method 1
a faradaic anode, a faradaic cathode, and a non-faradaic cathode... energy storage through faradaic reactions
Implementation Method 2
power delivery through double-layer capacitance
Data Source
AI summary
A lithium ion energy and power system including:a housing containing:at least three electrodes including:at least one first electrode including a cathodic faradaic energy storage material;at least one second electrode including an anodic faradaic energy storage material; andat least one third electrode including a cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material, wherein the at least one first, second, and third electrodes are adjacent as defined herein, and the at least one second electrode is electrically isolated from the electrically coupled at least one first electrode and the at least one third electrode;a separator between the electrodes; anda liquid electrolyte between the electrodes.Also disclosed is a method of making and using the disclosed lithium ion energy and power system.