Integrated Electrochemical Immunosensor for Insulin and Glucose Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting insulin and glucose in diabetes management are cumbersome, require large sample volumes, are not suitable for decentralized testing, and lack simultaneous detection capabilities, with existing sensors being expensive, complex, and not user-friendly.
Innovation Solution
A single, integrated electrochemical immunosensor chip that combines enzymatic and immunosensing detection modalities on a single substrate, using a masking/sputtering method for cost-effective and scalable fabrication, enabling simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers like insulin and glucose in a small sample volume.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple separate sensors are used to detect different analytes, then detection capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple detection modalities (enzymatic and immunosensing) and multiple analyte detection (glucose and insulin) into a single integrated electrochemical sensor chip. The chip contains multiple working electrodes with different functionalization layers that can simultaneously detect different analytes, eliminating the need for separate sensor devices and reducing overall system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The sensor chip is designed as a universal platform that can detect multiple analytes (glucose, insulin, and potentially other biomarkers) using a single device. The chip incorporates multiple working electrodes that can be functionalized with different biorecognition elements, allowing one device to perform multiple detection functions simultaneously.
2Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used, then detection accuracy is maintained, but sample volume requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The sensor chip is segmented into multiple working electrodes, each optimized for detecting specific analytes. This segmentation allows the chip to process different analytes in parallel within the same small sample volume, maintaining detection accuracy while minimizing the total sample volume required compared to sequential detection methods.
3Productivity
If integrated multi-analyte detection is implemented, then productivity and speed are improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The sensor chip is pre-fabricated with multiple working electrodes and functionalization layers during manufacturing. The biorecognition elements (enzymes, antibodies) are pre-immobilized on the electrode surfaces before the chip reaches the end user. This preliminary preparation during manufacturing enables rapid simultaneous detection of multiple analytes without requiring complex assembly or preparation steps at the point of use.
4Ease of operation
If decentralized testing is enabled, then ease of operation is improved, but detection sensitivity may worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical and chemical processing systems with electrochemical detection. The electrochemical signals generated by the biorecognition events are directly measured by the electrodes, providing sensitive detection without requiring complex sample preparation, separation, or instrumentation that would reduce ease of operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Provides rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of insulin and glucose in low volumes of bodily fluids, suitable for decentralized and personalized diabetes management, with high selectivity and precision, and minimal operational complexity.
Implementation Method 1
a first functionalization layer disposed on the first electrode, the first functionalization layer including a catalyst to facilitate an electrochemical reaction to detect the first analyte at the first electrode
Implementation Method 2
a second functionalization layer disposed on the second electrode, the second functionalization layer including a capture antibody to facilitate an electrochemical immune assay reaction to detect the second analyte at the second electrode
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for monitoring one or more biomarkers using an electrochemical immunosensor sensor with an integrated enzymatic and immunosensing electrochemical detection capability. In some aspects, an electrochemical sensor device for monitoring glucose and insulin includes a substrate; and a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate, the plurality of electrodes including a first electrode to sense glucose, a second electrode to sense insulin, and a counter electrode to the first and second electrodes, in which the first electrode includes a glucose oxidase enzyme linked to a surface of the first electrode, and the second electrode includes an insulin capture antibody linked to a second electrode through a self-assembly monolayer, and in which, when the device is electrically coupled to an electronics unit, the device is operable to detect insulin and glucose from a fluid.