Integrated Triaxial CT Imaging for Hydraulic Fracture Characterization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing techniques for characterizing hydraulic fracture development in unconventional hydrocarbon resources are limited in their ability to provide high-resolution, in-situ imaging and physical characterization of both natural and induced fractures, particularly in core samples under varying stress, temperature, and pressure conditions.
Innovation Solution
A triaxial test assembly integrated with a CT imaging system is used to capture high-resolution CT images of core samples while applying varying levels of stress, temperature, and pressure, allowing for the visualization and analysis of fracture development, including micro- and macro-fractures, and the computation of fracture conductivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a triaxial test is performed on a core sample to characterize hydraulic fracture development, then physical characterization under stress conditions is achieved, but high-resolution imaging of fracture development is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines a triaxial test assembly with a micro-CT imaging system into an integrated experimental setup. The triaxial test assembly applies controlled stress conditions to the core sample while the micro-CT system simultaneously images the internal fracture development, allowing both physical characterization and high-resolution imaging to occur together without compromising either capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an X-ray transparent triaxial test assembly as an intermediary that allows X-rays to pass through while maintaining the ability to apply stress conditions. This transparent design enables the X-ray beams to penetrate the sample and surrounding apparatus, facilitating CT imaging without the metal or dense materials that would block the X-rays and prevent imaging
2Illumination intensity
If conventional imaging methods are used to visualize fractures, then imaging capability is provided, but high-resolution in-situ imaging under varying stress and temperature conditions is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional optical imaging methods with X-ray based micro-CT imaging. X-rays can penetrate the core sample and surrounding test apparatus, providing three-dimensional internal imaging capability that optical methods cannot achieve, especially under varying stress and temperature conditions where sample opacity and environmental constraints limit optical approaches
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes the ability to vary X-ray energy parameters and imaging acquisition parameters to optimize resolution under different stress and temperature conditions. The system adjusts imaging parameters dynamically to maintain high-resolution characterization as the physical conditions of the core sample change during experimentation
3Reliability
If core samples are evaluated under reservoir conditions, then realistic fracture development is captured, but detailed imaging and characterization become difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the experimental system into distinct functional modules: a triaxial test assembly for applying stress and temperature conditions, a micro-CT imaging system for visualization, and a fluid injection system for hydraulic fracturing simulation. Each module is optimized for its specific function while being integrated through standardized interfaces, making the complex system manageable and maintainable
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables high-resolution imaging and characterization of fracture geometry and conductivity under reservoir conditions, providing detailed insights into fracture propagation and fluid flow properties, facilitating accurate modeling of hydraulic fracture networks.
Implementation Method 1
A triaxial test assembly integrated with a CT imaging system is used to capture high-resolution CT images of core samples
Implementation Method 2
Computer Tomography (CT) imaging system
Data Source
AI summary
To perform in-situ imaging and characterization of hydraulic fracture development, a triaxial test assembly is configured to evaluate a core sample obtained from a hydrocarbon formation. The triaxial test assembly is positioned within a Computer Tomography (CT) imaging system. While the triaxial test assembly is positioned within the CT imaging system, a core sample is connected to the triaxial test assembly. The triaxial test assembly is operated to evaluate the core sample. The CT imaging system is operated while evaluating the core sample by operating the test assembly. Properties of the core sample are determined using results of operating the triaxial test assembly and of operating the CT imaging system.