Integrated Turbocompressor for Aircraft Environmental Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Environmental control systems for aircraft face inefficiencies due to the need for additional conduits and reduced engine efficiency when diverting airflow from the core flowpath for cooling and buffer systems, which increases structural complexity and reduces overall performance.

Innovation Solution

An environmental control system that utilizes a turbocompressor with a compressor section driven by a turbine, drawing air from both high and low pressure locations, and includes a buffer system that provides pressurized air to bearing compartments without additional engine openings, using a heat exchanger to condition airflow for temperature and pressure requirements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If airflow is diverted from core flowpath for cooling and buffer systems, then cooling and buffer air supply is improved, but structural complexity increases and engine efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling air supplyVSAvoidstructural complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the environmental control system and buffer air system into a single integrated turbocompressor unit. The compressor section provides compressed air to both the environmental control system (for cooling) and the buffer air system (for bearing compartments) through a unified structure, eliminating the need for separate conduits and engine openings, thereby reducing structural complexity while maintaining improved cooling air supply

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The turbocompressor is designed as a multi-functional device that simultaneously serves multiple purposes: it provides compressed air for environmental control (cooling), buffer air for engine bearings, and maintains engine efficiency. This universal device replaces multiple separate systems, reducing overall structural complexity while achieving improved cooling and buffer air supply

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Quantity of substance

If additional conduits are added for buffer system airflow, then buffer air supply is improved, but structural complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebuffer air supplyVSAvoidstructural complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the buffer air supply function into the integrated turbocompressor structure. The compressor section directly provides compressed buffer air to bearing compartments through the unified device structure, eliminating the need for additional separate conduits and engine openings, thereby maintaining improved buffer air supply while reducing structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Quantity of substance

If engine taps are added for airflow diversion, then air supply for systems is improved, but engine efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair supplyVSAvoidengine efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The integrated turbocompressor serves itself by utilizing engine exhaust gas energy to drive the turbine, which in turn drives the compressor section to provide compressed air for environmental control and buffer systems. This self-service mechanism reduces the need for additional engine taps and minimizes energy loss by efficiently utilizing waste exhaust energy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Stress or pressure

If high pressure air is used directly from compressor, then pressure requirement is met, but temperature is too high for aircraft systems

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure requirementVSAvoidair temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts high pressure air from the compressor section of the integrated turbocompressor and directs it through a heat exchanger that utilizes engine exhaust gas to cool the compressed air. This separation of compression and cooling functions maintains the required high pressure while reducing the temperature to suitable levels for aircraft environmental control systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces structural complexity and maintains engine efficiency by eliminating the need for additional engine taps and providing conditioned airflow for both high and low pressure applications within the aircraft, enhancing power density and operational performance.

Implementation Method 1

An intercooler or heat exchanger is therefore required

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3885557B1Integrated environmental control and buffer air system
Publication Date: 2024.04.24 RTX CORP
  • EP3885557B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3885557B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3885557B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

An environmental control system (62) for an aircraft includes a higher pressure tap (72) to be associated with a higher compression location and a lower pressure tap (74) to be associated with a lower pressure location in the main compressor section associated with the aircraft engine. The lower pressure tap (74) communicates to a first passage leading to a downstream outlet, and has a second passage leading into a compressor section (80) of a turbocompressor (78). The higher pressure tap (72) leads into a turbine section (82) of the turbocompressor (78) such that air in the higher pressure tap (72) drives the turbine section (82) to in turn drive the compressor section (80) of the turbocompressor (78). A turbine outlet (86) receives airflow exhausted from the turbine section (82). A compressor outlet (84) receives airflow exhausted from the compressor section (80). A combined outlet (90) receives airflow from the turbine outlet (86) and the compressor outlet (84) intermixing airflow and passing the mixed airflow downstream to be delivered to an aircraft. A buffer air outlet (112) communicates airflow to an engine buffer air system (66) and receives airflow supplied to the turbocompressor (78).