Integrated Waveguide Optical Elements for Near-Eye Display Form Factor Reduction
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional projection systems face challenges in reducing the form factor while maintaining effective optical functions such as collimation and focusing, which are typically achieved using discrete optical elements.
Innovation Solution
The integration of optical elements with non-zero optical power directly into the waveguide, such as meta lenses, metasurfaces, or diffraction grating structures, allows for the performance of optical functions like collimation and focusing without the need for discrete optical elements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If discrete optical elements are used to achieve collimation and focusing, then optical performance is maintained, but form factor increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges discrete optical elements (lenses, gratings) directly into the waveguide structure, eliminating separate components. The waveguide substrate itself is patterned with optical features that perform collimation and focusing functions, reducing overall system volume while maintaining optical performance
Solution Approach 2:
The waveguide structure is designed to serve multiple functions simultaneously: it guides light from the light source to the exit pupil, performs collimation through integrated grating structures, and provides focusing through patterned optical elements. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate discrete optical components
2Length of moving object
If discrete optical elements are used for collimation and focusing, then optical functions are achieved, but device size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The optical elements are nested within the waveguide structure itself. Grating patterns and lens features are embedded in the waveguide substrate or on its surfaces, allowing the waveguide to contain functional optical elements without increasing external dimensions. The optical functions are achieved through the integrated structure rather than external components
3Volume of moving object
If optical elements are integrated into the waveguide, then form factor is reduced, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs various fabrication techniques including lithography to pattern grating structures, laser writing to create optical features, and deposition processes to add functional layers. These manufacturing approaches enable direct integration of optical elements during waveguide fabrication, avoiding complex post-assembly steps
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces the form factor of the display system by eliminating the space required for discrete optical elements, while maintaining or improving the optical performance by directly integrating optical functions into the waveguide.
Implementation Method 1
an incoupler configured to receive display light from an optical engine and to redirect the display light into the waveguide
Implementation Method 2
at least one integrated optical element configured to receive the display light from the incoupler and to apply a first optical function to the display light
Implementation Method 3
The at least one integrated optical element may include one or more of a group that includes a meta lens, a metasurface, a non-planar grating structure, or a set of diffraction grating structures
Data Source
AI summary
A near-eye display system includes a waveguide having an incoupler configured to receive display light from an optical engine and to redirect the display light into the waveguide. The display system includes one or more integrated optical elements that are each configured to receive the display light and to apply a first optical function to the display light. The waveguide may include one or more encapsulation layers to encapsulate the incoupler and/or at least one of the integrated optical elements.