Antenna Calibration via Inter-AP Reference Signals

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current antenna calibration methods in wireless communication systems, especially in dense access point scenarios, face challenges due to the need for accurate Channel State Information (CSI) feedback, which can be burdensome for user equipment (UE) and may degrade performance, particularly in coordinated multipoint (CoMP) operations.

Innovation Solution

The proposed method involves UE-assisted and inter-AP calibration techniques using calibration reference signals, where APs can calibrate each other over an X2 interface or air interface, employing effective calibration factors and vectors to align transmitter and receiver chain mismatches, and utilizing a layered structure for network calibration to reduce signaling overhead and improve flexibility.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If UE-assisted calibration with CSI feedback is used to improve antenna calibration accuracy, then calibration precision is improved, but device complexity and signaling overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalibration accuracyVSAvoidsignaling overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The calibration process is segmented into multiple phases: initial UE-assisted calibration using CSI feedback for high precision, followed by inter-AP calibration using calibration reference signals for maintenance. This segmentation allows the system to achieve high calibration accuracy while reducing ongoing signaling overhead by using the simpler inter-AP method for routine calibration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Calibration reference signals are introduced as an intermediary mechanism that enables APs to perform mutual calibration without requiring continuous UE involvement. These reference signals act as a mediator that carries calibration information between APs, reducing the dependency on UE feedback and thereby reducing overall signaling overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If traditional calibration methods are used to ensure accurate CSI feedback, then measurement precision is improved, but the burden on user equipment increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveCSI feedback accuracyVSAvoidUE burden
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

APs are enabled to perform self-calibration using calibration reference signals exchanged between them. This self-service mechanism allows the network infrastructure to maintain calibration accuracy independently, reducing the operational burden on UE devices while preserving measurement precision for CSI feedback.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Ease of operation

If inter-AP calibration over air interface is used to reduce UE burden, then ease of operation is improved, but calibration accuracy may degrade

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveUE burden reductionVSAvoidcalibration accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary UE-assisted calibration to establish accurate baseline calibration factors. Subsequent inter-AP calibration operations then reference these pre-established factors, allowing the APs to maintain calibration accuracy through mutual calibration without requiring continuous UE involvement, thus reducing UE burden while preserving precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3155734B1Method, apparatus and computer program
Publication Date: 2019.07.31 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP3155734B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3155734B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3155734B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A method comprising: sending information from a first node to a second node, said first node comprised in a first layer and said second node comprised in a second layer of a layered network, receiving at said first node channel information from said second node; and using said channel information for antenna calibration at said first node.