Interferometer Using Copied Optical Patterns on Plane Plates

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing interferometers require complex and costly production of polarization beam splitter cubes and triple prisms, with precise alignment and low-drift mounting, and are prone to unwanted interference in distance signals due to the use of optical components.

Innovation Solution

The interferometer design uses transparent plane plates with grating lenses and reflectors, eliminating the need for complex optical components like beam splitter cubes and triple prisms, and incorporating diffractive retroreflectors to reduce interference by separating diffraction orders.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If polarization beam splitter cubes and triple prisms are used, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex optical components (beam splitter cubes, triple prisms) with simpler plane plates that have optical patterns copied onto their surfaces. These patterns replicate the functional properties of the complex components but are much easier to manufacture and align, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes mechanical optical components (physical beam splitter cubes and prisms requiring precise mechanical alignment) with plane plates featuring optical patterns. This replacement eliminates the need for complex mechanical mounting and alignment procedures, significantly simplifying the device while preserving its measurement capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If polarization beam splitter cubes and triple prisms are used, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of manufacture deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoidease of manufacture
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent copies the optical functionality of complex components onto simple plane plates through surface patterns. These patterns can be manufactured using standard lithography or printing techniques, making production significantly easier and more cost-effective while maintaining the precise optical behavior needed for accurate measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs inexpensive plane plates with printed or lithographed optical patterns instead of expensive, labor-intensive optical components. These simpler components are easier to replace if needed and reduce overall manufacturing costs while achieving the same measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Device complexity

If beam splitter cube and triple prism are arranged directly on each other, then device complexity is reduced, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidalignment precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transfers the optical functionality of multiple aligned components onto single plane plates through copied optical patterns. This eliminates the need for precise physical alignment between separate components, as the optical paths are defined by the patterns themselves, thereby maintaining simplified device structure without demanding extreme manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

4Ease of operation

If large tilting tolerances are required, then ease of operation is improved, but device size increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetilting toleranceVSAvoidcomponent size
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses optical patterns copied onto plane plates that define beam paths and optical references. These patterns can be designed to be insensitive to tilting within certain ranges, allowing larger operational tolerances without requiring oversized physical components, thus maintaining compact device size while improving ease of operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces production costs, and minimizes unwanted interference in distance signals, enabling more robust and cost-effective high-precision length measurement.

Implementation Method 1

A beam emitted by the light source is split by the beam splitter into at least one measuring beam and at least one reference beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolarization beam splitting: Polarisation

Implementation Method 2

The measuring beam falls perpendicularly onto the measuring reflector at least twice

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

The reference arm has at least one reference retroreflector

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRetroreflection: Retroreflector

Implementation Method 4

At least one first distance signal from the interfering measurement and reference beam bundles superimposed at the point of merger can be detected with the aid of the detector arrangement

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP2816316B1Interferometer
Publication Date: 2015.12.30 DR JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GMBH
  • EP2816316B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP2816316B1 patent drawingFigure 1c
  • EP2816316B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2d

AI summary

The present invention relates to an interferometer comprising a light source, a beam splitter, a measuring reflector, a reference retroreflector, a detector assembly, and two transparent planar plates. The beam splitter splits a first beam emitted by the light source into at least one measuring beam and at least one reference beam, over which a first splitting plane is defined. Until they rejoin at a point of convergence in a first convergence plane, the measuring beam propagates in a measuring arm and the reference beam propagates in a reference arm. The first convergence plane is oriented parallel to the first splitting plane. The measuring reflector, onto which the measuring beam is incident perpendicularly at least twice, is arranged in the measuring arm and connected to a measuring object that is movable along a measuring direction.The reference retroreflector, onto which the reference beam is incident at least once, is arranged in the reference arm. The detector arrangement allows for the detection of at least one first distance signal from the interfering measurement and reference beams superimposed at the point of convergence, with respect to the position of the object being measured. The first transparent planar plate and the second transparent planar plate are arranged parallel to each other in the beam path between the light source and the detector arrangement. The reference retroreflector is formed in the first planar plate, and the beam splitter is arranged on the second planar plate.