Interleaved Multi-Wavelength Seed Beam for Fiber Mode Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

High power fiber laser amplifiers face limitations in scaling output power beyond 1.5 kW due to the onset of power transfer to higher order modes from the fundamental mode, caused by thermal effects leading to the formation of long-period gratings in the fiber core, which reduces spatial beam quality and coherence.

Innovation Solution

A seed beam source that interleaves multiple seed beams with different wavelengths at a frequency faster than the thermal diffusion time across the fiber core, disrupting the long-period grating formation and preventing power transfer to higher order modes, while maintaining spectral phase and amplitude through frequency modulation and acousto-optic modulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of stationary object

If continuous wave seed beams at a single wavelength are used, then the fiber amplifier can operate continuously, but thermal effects cause long-period grating formation leading to power transfer to higher order modes and reduced beam quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operationVSAvoidbeam quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies periodic action by modulating the seed beam wavelength in a periodic manner, switching between multiple discrete wavelengths in sequence. This periodic wavelength modulation prevents the thermal effects from establishing a stable long-period grating, thereby avoiding power transfer to higher order modes while allowing continuous operation of the fiber amplifier.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamics by making the seed beam wavelength dynamic rather than static. The wavelength is actively modulated over time to track or exceed the thermal response time, creating a dynamic condition that disrupts the thermal feedback mechanism responsible for mode coupling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Stability of the object's composition

If the seed beam wavelength is modulated to disrupt long-period grating formation, then power transfer to higher order modes is reduced, but the system complexity increases due to wavelength modulation requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemode stabilityVSAvoidwavelength modulation system
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the continuous wavelength spectrum into multiple discrete wavelength segments. Instead of requiring continuous wavelength tuning, the system uses a set of discrete wavelength sources or wavelength steps, simplifying the modulation mechanism while effectively disrupting the long-period grating formation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements parameter changes by modulating the wavelength parameter of the seed beam. This parameter modulation is achieved through acousto-optic modulators or similar devices that can rapidly switch between wavelengths, providing a relatively simple implementation compared to more complex active control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Temperature

If multiple wavelengths are interleaved to prevent mode coupling, then thermal effects are reduced and beam quality is maintained, but the seed beam source complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat load reductionVSAvoidmulti-wavelength seed source
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies merging by combining multiple wavelength components into a single interleaved seed beam that is multiplexed onto one fiber. This approach consolidates the multi-wavelength sources into a unified input stream, reducing the need for separate amplifier paths and simplifying the overall system architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses an intermediary mechanism (such as an acousto-optic modulator or wavelength multiplexer) to combine and manage multiple wavelength sources. This intermediary device facilitates the interleaving of wavelengths while maintaining beam coherence and simplifying the integration of multiple sources into a single fiber input.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach increases the threshold for mode instabilities, allowing for higher power scaling by reducing heat loads and maintaining beam coherence, potentially enabling multi-kW, low-nonlinearity, highly coherent fiber amplifiers with single-transverse mode output.

Implementation Method 1

dynamically changing the phase of the LPG relative to that of the light beams on a similar or faster time scale than the thermal diffusion time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal diffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 2

the formation of a moving long-period grating (LPG) in the fiber core refractive index that is written by the interference pattern between the fundamental mode LP01 and the next higher order mode LP11

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLong-period grating formation: Interference

Implementation Method 3

a wavelength modulator such as an acousto-optic modulator to modulate the wavelength of the seed beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcousto-optic effect: Acousto-optic Effect

Implementation Method 4

Because of dispersion of the effective index of refraction difference between modes, the LPG spatial frequency will depend on the seed beam wavelength

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDispersion: Dispersion (of waves)

Data Source

PatentEP3926765B1Seed beam source for a fiber amplifier system
Publication Date: 2024.01.31 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP3926765B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3926765B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A seed beam source for a fiber amplifier system. The seed beam source includes a plurality of continuous wave master oscillator lasers, each generating a laser beam at a different wavelength and a plurality of switching modulators each receiving the laser beam from a particular one of the master oscillator lasers, where each switching modulator is electrically driven so as to output the laser beam as pulses based on a predetermined timing control. The seed beam source further includes an optical coupler responsive to the optical pulses from the plurality of switching modulators where the optical coupler only receives one of the optical pulses from the plurality of switching modulators at any particular point in time, and where the optical coupler continuously receives the optical pulses from the plurality of switching modulators and outputs an interleaved continuous optical seed beam including the pulses from all of the switching modulators.