Intermetallic Brazing Assembly for High-Temperature Semiconductor Joints

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for assembling high-temperature semiconductor components, such as those using 'wide gap' materials, face challenges in achieving reliable and efficient soldering due to high melting temperature requirements and risks of damaging electronic circuits, as well as issues with electromigration and pressure-induced damage in existing brazing processes.

Innovation Solution

A brazing method involving the use of two brazing materials that form an intermetallic compound with a melting temperature higher than each individual material, allowing for a stable and efficient assembly at a relatively low temperature, achieved by heating and fusing the materials to create a 100% intermetallic compound, which is more stable and has a higher melting point than the individual materials.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a metal alloy with very high melting temperature is used to assemble the silicon carbide chip, then the operating reliability is improved, but the risk of damaging the electronic circuit increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating reliabilityVSAvoiddamage to electronic circuit
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the melting temperature parameter of the brazing material from very high (traditional high-temperature alloy) to moderate (eutectic alloy with melting point around 600-700°C), while achieving the same reliability goal through a different mechanism (intermetallic compound formation rather than high-temperature strength)

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes phase transitions by heating the eutectic alloy to its melting point to create a liquid state that facilitates diffusion and intermetallic compound formation, then cooling to obtain a solid joint with high reliability. The phase change enables the brazing process to proceed at lower temperatures while achieving strong bonding

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Temperature

If a diffusion brazing process with two different alloys is used to precipitate an intermetallic compound, then the melting temperature requirement is met, but the implementation time and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemelting temperatureVSAvoidimplementation time
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and eliminates one of the two alloys from the traditional diffusion brazing process. Instead of using two different alloys (low melting point and high melting point), the invention uses only a eutectic alloy, simplifying the process while maintaining the ability to form intermetallic compounds at appropriate temperatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The eutectic alloy is pre-formulated with specific composition ratios that enable it to automatically form the desired intermetallic compound structure during cooling. This preliminary preparation of the alloy composition eliminates the need for complex multi-step diffusion processes with multiple materials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Temperature

If a diffusion brazing process with two different alloys is used to precipitate an intermetallic compound, then the melting temperature requirement is met, but the homogeneity of the seal is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemelting temperatureVSAvoidhomogeneity of the seal
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a eutectic alloy with a specific homogeneous composition ratio that ensures uniform distribution of elements during melting and cooling. This homogeneous starting material prevents the segregation and heterogeneity problems that occur when using two different alloys with different compositions and melting behaviors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #33Homogeneity

4Ease of manufacture

If silver powder is used for sintering, then the assembly is achieved, but electromigration causes electrical contacts between points at different potentials

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly capabilityVSAvoidelectromigration
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces silver (a precious metal prone to electromigration) with a eutectic alloy composition that forms a stable intermetallic compound structure. This substitution eliminates the electromigration problem while maintaining assembly capability, effectively using a more stable material replacement strategy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

5Ease of manufacture

If sintering under pressure is used to assemble the component, then the assembly is achieved, but damage to the chips occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly capabilityVSAvoiddamage to chips
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces the mechanical pressure system (sintering under 5-40 MPa) with a thermal system (heating to melt the eutectic alloy). The liquid brazing material flows and bonds the components without requiring high mechanical pressure, thereby eliminating pressure-induced chip damage while achieving secure assembly

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method reduces implementation time and costs, ensures homogeneity of the assembly joint, and prevents damage to electronic components by maintaining a lower soldering temperature while achieving a stable joint capable of withstanding high operating temperatures.

Implementation Method 1

heating and fusing the two selected brazing materials to substantially reach the melting temperature of each of the selected brazing materials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

obtain the precipitation of an intermetallic compound

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolidification: Freezing

Implementation Method 3

wait in this molten state for the alloy at a higher melting temperature to diffuse little by little through the liquid to 'precipitate an intermetallic compound'

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP3265261B1Method of assembling by brazing of two elements via an intermetallic compound
Publication Date: 2021.08.04 SAFRAN ELECTRICAL & POWER
  • EP3265261B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3

AI summary

The invention especially relates to a brazing method (100) for assembling two elements, said method comprising the following steps: selecting (101) two brazing materials that can generate, when they are heated and melted, an intermetallic compound having a melting temperature which is higher than the melting temperature of each of the selected brazing materials taken individually; positioning (102) the two selected brazing materials between the two elements; and heating and melting (103) the two selected brazing materials in order to substantially reach the melting temperature of each of the selected brazing materials so as to achieve the precipitation of an intermetallic compound having a melting temperature which is higher than the melting temperature of each of the selected brazing materials taken individually. The invention also relates to a device comprising two elements assembled by means of said method.