Internal NAD(P) Depot for Sustained Sensitivity in Implantable Sensors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Implantable analyte sensors face challenges with reduced sensitivity due to insufficient availability and diffusion of NAD(P) coenzymes, leading to short sensor life spans and reduced performance.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating an internal supply of NAD(P) within the sensor, coated with a permeable polymer to control diffusion and maintain sufficient NAD(P) concentration for extended analyte monitoring.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If implantable sensors use NAD(P)-dependent enzymes for continuous analyte monitoring, then sensor sensitivity is improved, but sensor life span is reduced due to insufficient NAD(P) availability and diffusion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates an internal supply of NAD(P) within the sensor structure before implantation. This preliminary provision of coenzyme ensures that the NAD(P)-dependent enzyme has sufficient substrate available from the start, eliminating the delay associated with external diffusion and maintaining sensor sensitivity throughout the intended operational life span.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent embeds the NAD(P) supply internally within the sensor structure, creating a nested configuration where the coenzyme reservoir is contained within the sensor body. This nested design allows the sensor to be self-sufficient, with the internal NAD(P) depot providing continuous supply to the enzyme without requiring external diffusion, thereby extending operational life while maintaining sensitivity.
2Measurement precision
If exogenous NAD(P) is used to support sensor operation, then sensor sensitivity can be maintained, but diffusion limitations prevent sufficient delivery to the enzyme active site
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the NAD(P) supply requirement from the external environment and incorporates it directly into the sensor structure. By taking out the coenzyme delivery problem and solving it internally, the sensor eliminates dependence on external diffusion processes, ensuring both sensitivity maintenance and efficient coenzyme availability at the enzyme active site.
Solution Approach 2:
The internal NAD(P) supply acts as an intermediary between the sensor structure and the NAD(P)-dependent enzyme. This built-in intermediary ensures direct and efficient transfer of the coenzyme to the enzyme without the limitations of external diffusion, maintaining both sensitivity and operational ease.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The internal NAD(P) depot ensures sustained sensor sensitivity and longevity by providing a consistent supply of NAD(P) to NAD(P)-dependent enzymes, enhancing the accuracy and duration of analyte monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
a permeable polymer that overcoats the internal supply of NAD(P)
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides analyte sensors including one or more NAD(P)-dependent enzymes and an internal supply of NAD(P) for the detection of an analyte. The present disclosure further provides methods of using such analyte sensors for detecting one or more analytes present in a biological sample of a subject, and methods of manufacturing said analyte sensors.