Interrupt Controller Domains for Low-Latency Reassignment
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Solution Overview
Problem
In multi-processor and/or multi-core systems, reconfiguring interrupts one at a time becomes an overhead, leading to latency and impacting system performance due to frequent reprogramming of interrupt destinations in fixed destination mode.
Innovation Solution
An interrupt controller groups interrupts into sets or 'interrupt domains', allowing for atomic configuration of these domains, reducing the need for individual programming of each interrupt.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If interrupts are reconfigured one at a time in fixed destination mode, then interrupt destination can be reprogrammed flexibly, but system performance deteriorates due to overhead and latency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple individual interrupt configuration operations into a single batch operation. The interrupt controller is modified to accept and process multiple interrupt destination updates simultaneously, rather than handling each interrupt individually. This combining of operations reduces the total number of programming cycles required and eliminates the sequential overhead, thereby improving system performance while maintaining reconfiguration flexibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the interrupt configuration process into distinct phases: a setup phase where multiple interrupt destinations are prepared for reconfiguration, and an execution phase where all changes are applied atomically in a single batch operation. This segmentation allows the system to prepare changes without immediately applying them, reducing interference with ongoing interrupt handling and minimizing performance impact.
2Adaptability or versatility
If frequent reprogramming of interrupt destinations is performed, then system adaptability to different use cases is improved, but latency increases due to reconfiguration overhead
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by allowing the system to prepare multiple interrupt destination changes in advance during a setup phase, without immediately applying them. The changes are staged and validated before execution, so when reconfiguration is needed, the actual application occurs rapidly in a single batch operation. This preliminary preparation reduces the critical path latency of frequent reconfiguration operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables periodic batch reconfiguration where interrupt destinations are updated in structured intervals rather than continuously individually. The system can accumulate multiple destination changes and apply them periodically in unified batch operations, reducing the frequency of interruptible configuration sequences and minimizing overall reconfiguration latency while maintaining adaptability to changing use cases.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus and method are described for efficiently processing and reassigning interrupts. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a plurality of cores; and an interrupt controller to group interrupts into a plurality of interrupt domains, each interrupt domain to have a set of one or more interrupts assigned thereto and to map the interrupts in the set to one or more of the plurality of cores.


