Intra Prediction Mode Estimation for Video Coding Bit Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current video coding techniques face inefficiencies in signaling intra prediction modes, particularly when the actual mode is far from the estimated mode, leading to suboptimal coding efficiency due to incorrect estimation methods.

Innovation Solution

The method determines a first and second most probable intra prediction mode for a current video block, selecting one as the estimate of the actual mode based on angular and non-angular modes, and uses this estimate to signal the actual mode using variable length coding, thereby reducing bit usage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of information

If the actual intra prediction mode is signaled explicitly, then the signaling is straightforward and unambiguous, but the number of bits required increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignaling accuracyVSAvoidnumber of bits
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by determining an estimated actual intra prediction mode before signaling the difference. The encoder and decoder both pre-calculate the same estimated mode based on neighboring block modes, allowing the actual mode to be signaled as a small difference value rather than the full mode index, thus reducing bits while maintaining accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary element - the estimated actual intra prediction mode - that mediates between the actual mode and the signaled difference. This intermediary allows the system to transmit only the difference value, reducing the quantity of data while preserving the ability to reconstruct the actual mode accurately

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Quantity of substance

If variable length coding is used to signal the actual intra prediction mode, then the number of bits is reduced, but the coding complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of bitsVSAvoidcoding complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter being signaled from the absolute mode index to the difference between the actual mode and the estimated mode. This parameter transformation allows the use of more efficient variable length coding schemes, as the difference values have a different statistical distribution that can be exploited for compression, reducing bits while managing complexity through standardized VLC tables

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Quantity of substance

If the estimated actual intra prediction mode is inaccurate, then fewer bits are needed to signal the difference, but the coding efficiency deteriorates due to larger reconstruction errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of bitsVSAvoidcoding efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback by using the modes of already-coded neighboring blocks to inform the estimation of the actual intra prediction mode for the current block. This feedback mechanism ensures that the estimation is context-aware and accurate, as neighboring blocks typically have similar prediction characteristics, thus maintaining reliability while enabling bit reduction through difference coding

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Productivity

If a simple estimation method is used for the actual intra prediction mode, then the processing is faster and simpler, but the estimation accuracy decreases leading to suboptimal coding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing speedVSAvoidestimation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary calculation of the estimated actual intra prediction mode using a systematic method that combines modes from multiple neighboring blocks. This preliminary estimation is computed efficiently using simple operations on neighboring block modes, achieving both speed and accuracy by establishing a reasonable estimate before the actual coding decision is made

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP2781094B1Reference mode selection in intra mode coding
Publication Date: 2018.07.11 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP2781094B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2781094B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2781094B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

A video coder can determine a first most probable intra prediction mode and a second most probable intra prediction mode for a current video block, and based on the first and second most probable intra prediction modes, determine an estimate of an actual intra prediction mode used to code the current video block. The estimate of the actual intra prediction mode can be determined by selecting one of the first most probable mode and the second most probable mode as the estimate of the actual intra prediction in response to both the first most probable mode and the second most probable mode being different angular prediction modes. The estimate of the actual intra prediction mode plus difference information can be used to identify the actual intra prediction mode used to code the current video block.