Intracardiac Signal Processing via Common Mode Referencing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Intracardiac electrophysiological signal recording is hindered by significant noise interference, particularly mains interference, which affects the morphology and reliability of the signals, making it difficult to diagnose and treat cardiac arrhythmias effectively.
Innovation Solution
A system that uses a differential amplifier stage and a processor device to separate common mode signals from differential mode signals, referencing intracardiac signals to an average common mode signal derived from both intracardiac and indifferent electrodes, thereby reducing noise interference and maintaining signal morphology for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If filtering is applied to suppress noise, then noise interference is reduced, but signal morphology is affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the noise suppression function into two distinct stages: (1) a differential amplifier stage that provides initial common mode rejection, and (2) a digital processing stage that performs adaptive filtering. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized for its specific function without compromising the other, thereby reducing noise while preserving signal morphology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary reference electrode that is electrically connected to the common mode rejection circuitry. This intermediary element serves as a stable reference point that helps isolate and suppress common mode noise without directly interfering with the intracardiac signal morphology, acting as a mediator between the noisy environment and the sensitive measurement.
2Measurement precision
If multiple electrodes are used to improve spatial resolution, then localized variations can be identified, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal processing architecture where a single differential amplifier stage and a single adaptive filtering algorithm can process signals from multiple electrodes simultaneously. This multi-functional design allows the system to handle any number of electrodes without proportionally increasing complexity, as the core noise suppression mechanism remains the same regardless of the number of signal sources.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs adaptive filtering that dynamically adjusts filtering parameters based on the actual signal characteristics and noise conditions. This allows the system to optimize performance for each electrode channel individually while using a standardized processing framework, thereby achieving high spatial resolution without linearly increasing overall device complexity.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If active electrodes with integrated amplifiers are used, then cable interference is suppressed, but spatial constraints and design complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the amplification function into a centralized location outside the heart, where a single differential amplifier stage processes signals from all electrodes. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate amplifier circuits at each electrode site, thereby reducing spatial constraints and simplifying catheter design while maintaining effective cable interference suppression through the differential architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an external indifferent electrode as an intermediary reference element that is electrically connected to the differential amplifier. This intermediary provides a stable reference potential that helps reject common mode noise and cable interference without requiring active electronics at the intracardiac electrode sites, thus preserving spatial simplicity while achieving noise suppression.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach efficiently suppresses mains interference, allowing for the identification of localized variations in intracardiac signals with improved spatial resolution and reliable morphology, enabling more accurate analysis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Implementation Method 1
a differential amplifier stage adapted to receiving and amplifying the electrophysiological potentials collected from the intracardiac and indifferent terminals with respect to a common mode signal to obtain respective intracardiac and indifferent signals
Implementation Method 2
a processor device adapted to determining a common mode signal as an average of the intracardiac and indifferent signals and adapted to providing an output of intracardiac data based at least on the intracardiac signals, wherein the intracardiac signals are referenced with respect to the common mode signal
Data Source
AI summary
A system for recording intracardiac signals and for providing stimulation pulses and/or ablation energy at intracardiac locations. The system includes intracardiac terminals adapted to collecting intracardiac electrophysiological potentials from respective intracardiac locations in an individual; an indifferent terminal adapted to collecting indifferent electro-physiological potentials from the individual; a differential amplifier stage adapted to receiving and amplifying the electrophysiological potentials collected from the intra-cardiac and indifferent terminals with respect to a signal reference to obtain respective intracardiac and indifferent signals; a processor device adapted to determining a common mode signal as an average of the intracardiac and indifferent signals and adapted to providing an output of intracardiac data based at least on the intracardiac signals, wherein the intracardiac signals are referenced with respect to the common mode signal. A method of processing intracardiac electrophysiological signals is also disclosed.