Intraocular Irrigation Solution for Pupil Dilation and Inflammation Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Ophthalmologic surgery often results in postoperative inflammatory conditions due to trauma-induced prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation, which can lead to complications such as excess inflammation, cystoid macular edema, and increased surgical trauma, especially in patients with preexisting conditions or those experiencing elevated surgical trauma.
Innovation Solution
Administering a solution containing a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist mydriatic agent intraocularly during surgery to maintain pupil diameter and inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, thereby reducing inflammation and surgical trauma.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If a mydriatic agent is administered topically preoperatively to dilate the pupil, then pupil diameter is increased to permit a clear operative field, but the agent is washed out by intraocular irrigation solution during surgery, reducing its effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by administering the mydriatic agent (phenylephrine) directly into the anterior chamber of the eye at the beginning of surgery, before the irrigation process begins. This ensures the agent is already in position and will not be washed out by subsequent irrigation, maintaining pupil dilation throughout the procedure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses the intraocular irrigation solution as an intermediary vehicle to deliver the mydriatic agent directly into the anterior chamber. By combining the agent with the irrigation solution, the drug is transported directly to the target site and retained there, preventing washout and ensuring sustained effect.
2Productivity
If surgical trauma is induced during ophthalmologic surgery, then the procedure can be performed, but prostaglandin synthesis is triggered causing postoperative inflammatory conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by administering a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) directly into the anterior chamber at the beginning of surgery, before significant inflammatory response develops. This preemptive administration inhibits cyclooxygenase activity and blocks prostaglandin synthesis early in the inflammatory cascade, preventing excessive postoperative inflammation rather than treating it after it occurs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple therapeutic agents (mydriatic agent and NSAID) into a single combined solution that is administered together through the irrigation system. This combination allows simultaneous achievement of pupil dilation and inflammation prevention in one administration, addressing multiple surgical needs concurrently.
3Illumination intensity
If epinephrine is added to intraocular irrigation solution to maintain pupil dilation, then pupil diameter is maintained during surgery, but the solution requires preservatives and antioxidants that may cause irritation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by substituting epinephrine with phenylephrine as the mydriatic agent. Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that provides effective pupil dilation without requiring preservatives and antioxidants for stability, thereby eliminating the associated ocular irritation while maintaining the desired therapeutic effect.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively maintains intraoperative pupil diameter, reduces postoperative inflammatory conditions by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 activity for several hours, and decreases the incidence and severity of complications like cystoid macular edema and toxic anterior segment syndrome.
Implementation Method 1
an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist mydriatic agent in an intraocular irrigation carrier, wherein the NSAID and the mydriatic agent are included in the solution in amounts sufficient to maintain intraoperative pupil diameter by promoting mydriasis
Implementation Method 2
a sufficient amount of the solution is administered for uptake of an amount of the NSAID in ocular tissues sufficient for inhibition of cyclooxygenases for a period of at least six hours postoperatively, thereby inhibiting the postoperative inflammatory condition
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides methods for inhibiting postoperative inflammatory conditions following ophthalmologic surgical procedures by administering intraocularly during an ophthalmologic surgical procedure a solution including a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and an alpha-1 adrenergic mydriatic agent, such as a liquid irrigation solution of ketorolac and phenylephrine.