Intraosseous Tack Device for Cortical Bone Penetration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for administering local anesthesia, such as buccal infiltration, intraligamentary injection, and inferior alveolar nerve block, face challenges like limited diffusion through thick cortical bone, prolonged onset, broad numbing effects, and increased risk of trauma due to delayed recovery and inaccurate dosing, particularly in areas like mandibular molars where the cortical plate is thick.
Innovation Solution
An intraosseous tack device with a solid elongate member and collapsible sleeve is used to penetrate the cortical plate, providing a clean access point for anesthesia delivery to the cancellous bone, offering greater resistance to bending and clogging, and allowing for more precise and localized anesthesia administration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If buccal infiltration is used to administer anesthesia, then the procedure is simple and quick, but the anesthesia fails to diffuse through thick cortical bone in areas like mandibular molars
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a hollow drill bit as an intermediary tool to create a pathway through the thick cortical bone that would otherwise block diffusion of the anesthetic. The drill bit serves as a mediator between the anesthetic solution and the cancellous bone, enabling reliable anesthesia delivery in areas with dense cortical bone structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the passive diffusion mechanism (which fails through thick bone) with an active mechanical drilling system. The high-speed drill mechanically creates an access channel through the cortical plate, substituting mechanical force for insufficient molecular diffusion to achieve reliable anesthetic delivery.
2Reliability
If inferior alveolar nerve block is used to anesthetize mandibular molars, then complete anesthesia is achieved, but the onset time is delayed and the numbing effect is too broad
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by delivering anesthesia directly to the specific localized area of cancellous bone surrounding the target tooth roots, rather than administering a broad nerve block. The hollow drill bit enables precise placement of small volumes of anesthetic solution exactly where needed, creating a localized effect with rapid onset and minimal spread to adjacent areas.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary action by creating the access channel through the cortical bone before administering the anesthetic solution. The hollow drill bit prepares the pathway in advance, allowing immediate delivery of the anesthetic directly into the cancellous bone space, thereby eliminating the delayed onset associated with nerve blocks.
3Reliability
If a mechanical drill is used to puncture the cortical plate for intraosseous delivery, then access to cancellous bone is achieved, but heat build-up damages surrounding tissues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by using high-speed rotational drilling with intermittent cooling via saline irrigation. The drill operates in cycles of cutting and cooling, where saline is periodically introduced to flush away heat and debris from the drill site, preventing thermal accumulation and tissue damage while maintaining effective bone penetration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses saline irrigation as an intermediary cooling medium between the mechanical drill and the surrounding tissues. The saline acts as a heat transfer mediator, absorbing excess thermal energy from the drill-bone interface and carrying it away, thereby protecting adjacent soft tissues from thermal injury while enabling effective cortical plate penetration.
4Reliability
If a large gauge needle is used to puncture the cortical plate, then access to cancellous bone is achieved, but the needle bends or breaks during insertion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the fragile needle puncture mechanism with a robust mechanical drilling system. The hollow drill bit is specifically engineered with enhanced structural strength and rigidity to withstand the forces required to penetrate thick cortical bone without bending or breaking, overcoming the limitations of needle-based approaches in dense bone areas.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material construction for the hollow drill bit, combining materials with high strength-to-weight ratios and superior mechanical properties. The drill bit may utilize composite structures or material combinations that provide both the necessary rigidity to prevent bending/breaking and the hollowness for anesthetic delivery, achieving both strength and functionality.
Data Source
AI summary
An intraosseous tack device is configured to puncture alveolar bone or other human or animal bone at a targeted site of the mouth or body to provide an access point for the delivery of local anesthesia or other medicament. The device includes a tack having a head member and an elongate member extending from the head member. The elongate member is inserted into a sleeve, and the sleeve is coupled to a handle. At least a portion of the sleeve is collapsible, so that when a compressive force is applied to the head member of the tack, the sleeve partially collapses to a shorter length, allowing the distal end of the tack to pass out of the opposite end of the sleeve for puncturing the alveolar bone at the targeted site.