Intumescent Coating for HV Battery Thermal Runaway Mitigation

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical composition and physical properties of coating materials applied to circuit boards and electronic components. The intumescent coating contains specific chemical components that change phase and volume when exposed to heat, transforming from a thin protective layer to a thick insulating foam that prevents fire propagation without requiring complex enclosure structures.

The patent uses composite materials by combining multiple chemical components in the intumescent coating formulation, including flame retardants, binders, and expansion agents. This composite coating provides fire protection functionality that would otherwise require complex fire resistant enclosures, thereby reducing overall device complexity while maintaining or improving fire resistance.

The patent applies local quality by providing thermal insulation selectively at critical locations within the battery module where thermal runaway propagation risk is highest. The intumescent coating is applied specifically to cooling fins and adjacent battery cell surfaces rather than uniformly throughout the entire module, allowing heat dissipation in non-critical areas while preventing thermal runaway propagation at vulnerable interfaces.

The patent utilizes phase transitions by incorporating intumescent materials that undergo dramatic volume expansion and phase change when exposed to high temperatures. The coating transforms from a dense thin layer to a porous expanded foam structure that provides thermal insulation precisely when thermal runaway is detected, dynamically adjusting insulation properties based on temperature conditions to balance heat dissipation and thermal runaway prevention.