Inverted Exhaust Plenum Design to Prevent Headwind Airflow Restriction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Waste heat removal systems in data centers face challenges due to environmental conditions like headwinds, which restrict exhaust airflow and lead to excess heat buildup, posing risks to heat-sensitive equipment and operator safety.

Innovation Solution

An inverted exhaust plenum module is designed with angled roof elements and vertically-oriented wall elements that obscure exhaust vents from ambient air flows, allowing for headwind-resistant air discharge by directing exhaust air into a plenum that projects downwards, reducing exposure to impinging winds and ensuring continuous airflow.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If exhaust vents are exposed to ambient air flows for waste heat removal, then heat dissipation efficiency is improved, but airflow restriction by headwinds occurs reducing exhaust airflow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaste heat removal efficiencyVSAvoidexhaust airflow rate
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent inverts the conventional exhaust plenum orientation by projecting the plenum downward below the roof line instead of upward above it. This inversion allows exhaust vents to discharge waste heat effectively while remaining protected from headwind impingement, as the downward projection shields the exhaust opening from ambient air flows that would otherwise restrict exhaust airflow.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an inverted plenum structure as an intermediary between the data center enclosure and the ambient environment. This plenum acts as a protective mediator that channels exhaust air away from direct headwind exposure while maintaining the pressure gradient necessary for effective waste heat removal, thus resolving the conflict between heat dissipation and airflow restriction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If exhaust vents are exposed to ambient air flows, then waste heat can be discharged into the environment, but exposure to impinging winds restricts exhaust airflow and reduces discharge efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous waste heat removalVSAvoidexhaust airflow performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

By inverting the plenum orientation to project downward, the system ensures continuous and reliable waste heat removal while protecting the exhaust opening from headwind impingement. This inversion maintains consistent exhaust airflow performance regardless of ambient wind conditions, enhancing both reliability and operational ease.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

3Adaptability or versatility

If ambient air flows impinge on exhaust vents, then headwind resistance is reduced, but exhaust airflow is restricted leading to excess heat buildup

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheadwind resistanceVSAvoidenclosure heat accumulation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The inverted plenum design provides inherent headwind resistance by orienting the exhaust opening downward, shielded from ambient air flows. This configuration prevents headwind impingement that would otherwise restrict exhaust airflow and cause heat accumulation in the enclosure, thereby maintaining adaptability to varying wind conditions while preventing temperature buildup.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

4Ease of manufacture

If exhaust vents are positioned for optimal waste heat discharge, then thermal management is improved, but exposure to environmental factors like headwinds causes airflow restriction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal management efficiencyVSAvoidexhaust air discharge rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The inverted plenum configuration optimizes thermal management by efficiently discharging waste heat while simultaneously protecting the exhaust opening from headwind restriction. The downward projection maintains high exhaust air discharge rates by shielding the vent from ambient air flows, thus achieving both thermal management efficiency and sustained productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively prevents airflow restriction by headwinds, maintaining efficient waste heat removal and reducing thermal damage risks, ensuring continuous operation and safety in data centers.

Implementation Method 1

Some waste heat removal systems do not use air moving devices to remove waste heat from a data center, and may use a pressure gradient towards the ambient environment from the data center enclosure to induce exhaust airflow out of the data center and into the ambient environment.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure gradient: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

The inverted exhaust plenum module includes at least two angled roof elements that bound a top end of the enclosure and are each angled towards separate edges along the top end. The module also includes an exhaust plenum that projects downwards from, and between, the separate edges, and is open to the ambient environment at an upper end. The module also includes vertically-oriented wall elements that each project downwards from the separate edges to establish opposite sides of the exhaust plenum. Each vertical wall element includes an exhaust vent that can discharge exhaust air from the enclosure into the exhaust plenum. The module at least partially obscures the exhaust vents from exposure to impingement by ambient air flows flowing over the upper end of the exhaust plenum.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlow separation: Flow Separation

Data Source

PatentEP3158840B1Inverted exhaust plenum module
Publication Date: 2020.09.23 AMAZON TECH INC
  • EP3158840B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3158840B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3158840B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An inverted exhaust plenum module exhausts air from an enclosure into an ambient environment while mitigating airflow restrictions caused by ambient wind conditions, particularly headwinds impinging on exhaust vents. The plenum module includes wall elements that extend downwards from separate edges of two separate roof elements of the enclosure, forming a plenum between the wall elements that is open at the top. Exhaust vents in the wall elements exhaust air from the enclosure into the plenum to circulate into the ambient environment via the top of the plenum. By exhausting air into a plenum that extends beneath roof elements, the vents are at least partially obscured from ambient winds that might otherwise impinge on the vents. A wing element can be installed to induce exhaust airflow via lowering air pressure at the top of the plenum. The plenum module can be a separate module that is coupled to a structure.