Inverter Bidirectional Power Control for Grid Services

The patent applies inversion by enabling the inverter to operate in reverse power conversion mode, where power flows from the grid to the PV module instead of from the PV module to the grid. This allows the inverter to remain operational during nighttime or low-irradiance conditions by consuming grid power to maintain PV module voltage, thereby performing essential functions like reactive power compensation and data communication that would otherwise be unavailable when the inverter shuts down.

The patent implements multi-functionality by enabling the inverter to perform multiple roles regardless of irradiance conditions. During low-irradiance periods, the inverter can still provide reactive power compensation to the grid, maintain communication with centralized controllers, and execute advanced grid functions by operating in reverse power conversion mode. This universal operation capability ensures that the inverter is not limited to solely power generation but can adapt to provide various grid services under different operating conditions.

The patent applies preliminary action by using grid power during low-irradiance periods to maintain the PV module at the desired operating voltage point. This preliminary maintenance of voltage ensures that when irradiance returns to normal levels, the PV module is already positioned at the optimal operating point, allowing for immediate resumption of power generation without delay. This approach trades temporary energy consumption for ensuring continuous operational readiness and preventing voltage collapse.