Inverter Ground Fault Detection Using Zero Vector Sampling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for detecting ground faults in inverters using leg-shunt resistors are ineffective, as they cannot accurately determine the occurrence of a ground fault due to limitations in current detection regions and voltage utilization levels, which can lead to motor damage and safety risks.

Innovation Solution

A method that involves detecting output currents for three phases, determining voltage and current levels, applying a zero vector through pulse-width modulation, and sampling currents within a zero vector zone to determine if the sum of output currents exceeds a preset ground fault level, triggering a protection operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If current detection is performed using leg-shunt resistors, then fabrication cost is reduced, but ground fault detection capability is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefabrication costVSAvoidground fault detection capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The method applies preliminary action by intentionally creating a zero-vector state before performing current detection. During this zero-vector period, all switching elements are turned off, creating a known state where any detected current must be leakage current rather than load current, enabling ground fault detection capability with leg-shunt resistors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The method changes the operational parameter by utilizing the zero-vector state (where all switching elements are off) as a detection window. By sampling currents during this specific time period when normal power conversion is suspended, the system can detect ground faults using the same leg-shunt resistors without requiring additional hardware

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If conventional current detection method is used with leg-shunt resistors, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision for ground fault detection deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection circuit complexityVSAvoidground fault detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The method creates a preliminary detection opportunity by introducing a zero-vector period where all switching elements are turned off. During this predetermined time window, the system samples currents to detect ground faults, transforming the limitation of leg-shunt resistors into an advantage by using this specific operational state for measurement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The method maintains continuous ground fault detection capability by integrating the detection process into the normal PWM switching cycle. The zero-vector state is incorporated as part of the continuous switching operation, allowing detection to occur repeatedly throughout operation without interrupting the overall power conversion function

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentEP3078977B1Method for detecting ground fault in inverter
Publication Date: 2019.09.11 LSIS CO LTD
  • EP3078977B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3078977B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3078977B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for detecting a ground fault in an inverter. The method for detecting the ground fault in the inverter in a current detection using leg-shunt resistors includes detecting output currents of three phases of the inverter, determining whether or not a voltage utilization of the inverter is not less than a preset allowable voltage level, and determining an occurrence or non-occurrence of the ground fault on the inverter.