Ion Beam Gamma-Ray Detection with Edge-Coupled Scintillators

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ion beam therapy systems face challenges in accurately and reliably monitoring dose and range due to anatomical changes, tissue heterogeneities, and organ motion during treatment, leading to potential under-dosing of tumors or over-dosing of critical organs, particularly with proton or heavy ion therapies.

Innovation Solution

A gamma ray detection system integrating PET scanning and Compton camera functionality, utilizing stacked monolithic scintillator plates with photon sensors mounted along their edges, allowing for real-time detection of positron and prompt gamma rays, and employing a processing circuit to multiplex readouts, thereby enhancing spatial resolution and reducing costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional PET scanners with face-coupled scintillator arrays are used, then detection coverage is sufficient, but the number of photon sensors required is very high, increasing system complexity and cost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidnumber of photon sensors
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from face-coupled photon sensors to edge-coupled photon sensors, changing the dimensional arrangement of the detection system. By mounting photon sensors on the lateral edges of scintillator plates rather than on the large front face, the system reduces the number of sensors needed while maintaining detection coverage through the stacked plate configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The detection system is segmented into multiple stacked scintillator plates with photon sensors on their edges. This segmentation allows the system to achieve comprehensive detection coverage through the vertical stacking arrangement, reducing the need for a large number of photon sensors on a single large face.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Manufacturing precision

If beam energy is modulated to control penetration depth, then dose delivery precision is improved, but treatment planning complexity and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration depth controlVSAvoidtreatment plan complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements real-time gamma ray detection and image reconstruction during ion beam delivery, providing feedback on the actual dose distribution and range. This feedback mechanism allows for verification and adjustment of the treatment plan, ensuring precise penetration depth control while managing complexity through automated monitoring.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs treatment verification imaging and range assessment during the ion beam delivery process itself, rather than requiring separate pre-treatment imaging sessions. This preliminary action during treatment reduces overall treatment time and simplifies the workflow while maintaining precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If patient imaging is performed right before each treatment session to verify target position, then treatment accuracy is improved, but treatment time and patient throughput decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetarget position accuracyVSAvoidpatient throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables continuous real-time imaging and dose verification during the ion beam delivery process itself. By performing treatment verification imaging concurrently with treatment delivery rather than sequentially before treatment, the system maintains high target position accuracy while maximizing patient throughput and minimizing idle time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables safe, reliable, and accurate real-time control of ion beam therapy by simultaneously detecting positron and prompt gamma rays, improving dose and range verification, and reducing system complexity and costs.

Implementation Method 1

a plurality of stacked monolithic scintillator plates each having a major surface oriented to generally face the target zone... detect and determine the position within the plane of the major surface of scintillation events in the scintillator plates from gamma rays incident on the major surfaces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectScintillation: Scintillation

Implementation Method 2

a plurality of photon sensors being mounted against each of said edges configured to detect and determine the position within the plane of the major surface of scintillation events in the scintillator plates from gamma rays incident on the major surfaces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

detection module assembly including at least two detection modules configured for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of a target zone

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPositron emission tomography:

Implementation Method 4

The gamma ray detection system is further configured to function as a Compton camera

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompton scattering: Compton Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP4088142B1Ion beam emission apparatus and detection system therefor
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 TERAPET SA
  • EP4088142B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4088142B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4088142B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Gamma ray detection system (10) comprising a detection module assembly (13, 13a, 13b, 13c) including at least two detection modules (14, 14a, 14s) configured for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of a target zone (4), each detection module comprising a plurality of stacked scintillator plates (16) each having a major surface (40a) oriented to generally face the target zone and lateral minor surfaces (40b) defining edges of the scintillator plates, a plurality of photon sensors (18) being mounted against said edges layer photon sensor (18a) configured to detect a scintillation event in the scintillator plate from a gamma ray incident on the major surface. The gamma ray detection system is further configured to function as a Compton camera, at least one scintillator plate that is not the scintillator plate closest to the target zone being configured as an absorber scintillator plate for said Compton camera.