Ion-Releaser Electrode for Macromolecule Synthesis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing synthesis arrays face challenges in controlling the local generation and diffusion of ions, which interferes with the synthesis of macromolecules, particularly in molecular memory applications, as electrochemically generated acid diffuses and requires redox active materials that can interfere with the synthesis process.
Innovation Solution
A device with an ion-releaser comprising an ion-source electrode and activating electrodes allows for selective and individual control of ion release to synthesis locations, eliminating the need for redox active materials by using a solid electrolyte or porous membranes to confine ion release, enabling precise control of pH and catalytic effects for macromolecule synthesis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If electrochemical reactions are used to generate protons at platinum electrodes, then local control of chemical reactions is achieved, but the generated acid diffuses to neighboring electrodes requiring neutralizing bases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode surface is segmented into isolated synthesis locations (e.g., microwells, nanowells, or patterned regions) that physically confine the electrochemical reactions. Each synthesis location acts as an independent compartment where protons are generated locally without diffusing to neighboring locations, thus eliminating the need for neutralizing bases while maintaining local control.
Solution Approach 2:
The electrode structure is designed with spatially varying properties where each synthesis location has tailored characteristics (e.g., different catalysts, surface areas, or geometries) to optimize local proton generation. This local quality enhancement ensures that acid production is confined precisely where needed, preventing diffusion to adjacent regions while improving reaction control.
2Ease of operation
If redox active electrolyte is used for acid production, then protons are released at electrodes, but the redox active material interferes with synthesis and synthesis products
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful redox active electrolyte is extracted from the system and replaced with a solid electrolyte or alternative proton source. The electrode structure itself (e.g., through surface modifications, catalysts, or solid electrolyte layers) directly generates protons without requiring soluble redox mediators, thereby eliminating interference with the synthesis process and products while maintaining efficient proton release.
3Adaptability or versatility
If ions are generated in synthesis arrays, then local control of synthesis is achieved, but precise control of ion release to specific locations is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode is divided into discrete, addressable synthesis locations (e.g., individual microwells, nanowells, or patterned contact points) that can be independently activated. Each location functions as a separate reaction chamber where ion release can be precisely controlled by applying voltage only to the desired location, enabling both local control and high precision in ion delivery.
Solution Approach 2:
The electrode system incorporates dynamic control capabilities where the electrical properties (voltage, current, timing) can be adjusted independently for each synthesis location. This dynamic control allows precise regulation of ion release rates, timing, and duration at each location, enhancing both adaptability and manufacturing precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables efficient and controlled synthesis of macromolecules by directly releasing ions to specific locations, reducing interference and allowing for a wide range of reactions, including pH-sensitive and catalytic reactions, thereby enhancing the precision and efficiency of molecular synthesis and memory storage.
Implementation Method 1
Local control in synthesis array applications may be achieved via appropriate electrochemical reactions that produce protons, or H+, using patterned platinum electrode arrays and a suitable redox active agent whereby protons are released by either electrochemical oxidation or reduction at the platinum electrodes
Implementation Method 2
eliminating the need for redox active materials by using a solid electrolyte or porous membranes to confine ion release
Data Source
AI summary
A device for synthesis of macromolecules is disclosed. In one aspect, the device comprises an ion-releaser having a synthesis surface comprising an array of synthesis locations arranged for synthesis of the macromolecules. The ion-releaser also includes an ion-source electrode, which is arranged to contain releasable ions and is arranged to be in contact with each of the synthesis locations of the synthesis surface, thereby release ions to the synthesis locations. The ion-releaser further comprises activating electrodes, which are arranged to be in contact with the ion-source electrode, wherein each one of the activating electrodes is arranged in association with one of the synthesis locations via the ion-source electrode. The ion-releaser is arranged to release at least a portion of the releasable ions from the ion-source electrode to one of the synthesis locations, by activation of the activating electrode associated with the synthesis location.