Ion Separation Using Orthogonal Magnetic Field
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for separating oppositely charged ions, such as those in dissociated water, are costly due to complex apparatus configurations and require high energy and temperatures, with membrane-based methods facing issues like fouling and the need for high ion concentrations.
Innovation Solution
A simplified apparatus with a single inlet and outlet, utilizing a magnetic field orthogonal to the fluid flow to separate ions in a vessel with a nozzle, reducing energy requirements and allowing operation at lower temperatures, enabling efficient separation of hydrogen and oxygen ions from water.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a complex apparatus configuration with multiple outlets and chambers is used for ion separation, then separation effectiveness is improved, but construction cost and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The apparatus is divided into multiple chambers (first chamber, second chamber, third chamber) with a flow director separating them. Ions are separated in the magnetic field within the second chamber, with positive ions directed to the first chamber and negative ions to the third chamber through selective permeable membranes, achieving effective separation while maintaining a manageable structural configuration.
Solution Approach 2:
Selective permeable membranes act as intermediaries between chambers, allowing only specific ions to pass through. The flow director serves as an intermediary structure that divides the vessel and directs ion flow to appropriate chambers based on charge, enabling separation without requiring complex outlet configurations.
2Reliability
If high temperatures are maintained to keep base substance dissociated into ions, then ion separation is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The base substance is heated to high temperature only during the dissociation phase to produce ions. During the subsequent separation phase, the high temperature is not maintained, allowing energy consumption to be reduced while still achieving effective ion separation through the magnetic field acting on the already-dissociated ions.
Solution Approach 2:
The base substance is pre-dissociated into ions through heating before the separation process begins. This preliminary dissociation ensures that ions are available for separation without requiring continuous high temperature maintenance during the separation phase, thereby reducing overall energy consumption.
3Reliability
If membrane-based methods are used for ion separation, then separation is achieved, but membrane fouling and material cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces membrane-based separation with a magnetic field-based separation system. A magnetic field is applied to the fluid containing ions, causing positive and negative ions to migrate in opposite directions through the flow director to different chambers. This eliminates the need for physical membranes, thereby avoiding membrane fouling and reducing material costs associated with membrane materials.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces construction and operational costs, increases efficiency, and allows for the separation of ions at lower temperatures, making the process more versatile and cost-effective for hydrogen production and other applications.
Implementation Method 1
A magnetic field is applied to the fluid flowing through the second chamber. The magnetic field is orthogonal to the direction of the flow through the chamber.
Implementation Method 2
The magnetic field imparts a force on the ions causing the positive ions to migrate towards one outlet of the vessel and negative ions to migrate towards the second.
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosed device is directed toward an apparatus for the separation of ions. The apparatus for the separation of ions comprises a vessel including an inlet fluidly coupled to an outlet. A magnetic field is applied substantially orthogonal to the flow of the fluid. The magnetic field applies a force that separates the oppositely charged ions.