Ionic Borate Lubricant Additives for Deposit Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lubricants face issues with deposit formation and reduced corrosion protection due to basic amine additives, which also compromise seal compatibility and engine efficiency.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating ionic tetrahedral borate compounds with a cation and tetrahedral borate anion into lubricating compositions, formed by reacting a 1,2- or 1,3-dioxo chelate with a trivalent borate compound and a basic component, to enhance dispersancy and detergent properties while minimizing detrimental effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If amine-based dispersants are used to neutralize acidic contaminants, then cleanliness is improved, but corrosion protection and seal compatibility are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the dispersant by using borate-based compounds with specific molecular structures (aromatic rings, hydrocarbon chains) and basicity parameters (TBN of 5-50 mg KOH/g). This transforms the dispersant from conventional amine-based to borate-based, which maintains cleanliness while restoring corrosion protection and seal compatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite dispersant molecules combining borate anions with cations having specific structures (ammonium, polyamine, or metal complexes). These composite borate compounds integrate the dispersancy function with corrosion inhibition and seal compatibility, resolving the contradiction between cleanliness and reliability.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If basic amine additives are used to improve dispersancy, then deposit formation is reduced, but seal compatibility deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of the additive by using borate-based compounds with controlled basicity (TBN of 5-50 mg KOH/g) and specific molecular structures. This parameter change maintains deposit control while improving seal compatibility, as borate compounds do not cause the same seal swelling issues as conventional amine dispersants.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional lubricant formulations are used, then basic functionality is maintained, but engine efficiency and life-expectancy are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops composite lubricant formulations integrating borate-based dispersants with other additives (antiwear agents, antioxidants, viscosity modifiers) in optimized concentrations. This composite approach maintains basic lubrication functionality while significantly improving engine efficiency and component life-expectancy through superior deposit control and corrosion protection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ionic borate compounds improve dispersion and detergent properties, reduce deposit formation, and maintain corrosion protection, enhancing the performance and longevity of lubricated components.
Implementation Method 1
Dispersants are used for dispersing impurities such as wear particles, soot and other contaminants
Implementation Method 2
ionic borate compound comprising a cation and a tetrahedral borate anion
Implementation Method 3
The exemplary ionic borate compounds provide lubricating compositions with good dispersion and/or detergent properties
Implementation Method 4
reacting a 1,2- or 1,3-dioxo chelate with a trivalent borate compound and a basic component
Implementation Method 5
tetrahedral borate anion as defined in the appended claims
Data Source
AI summary
A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ionic tetrahedral borate compound which includes a cation and a tetrahedral borate anion which includes a boron atom, the boron atom having at least one aromatic bidentate di-oxo ligand. The compound may be represented by formula (I), where R1 and R2 are selected from C1-48 hydrocarbyl groups or together form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered ring; R3 and R4 together represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring; m is 0 or 1; X is hydrogen, a C1-24 hydrocarbyl group, -OR5, -NHR5, or =O, R5 is a C1-24 hydrocarbyl group; M represents the cation; and n is at least 1. The cation may be selected to provide detergent and/or dispersant properties to the lubricating composition. In the case of ammonium cations, the molecular weight may be 260 g/mol or higher for providing a highly soluble compound, particularly when X is =O.