Ionic Liquid Cell Lysis for Algae Lipid Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for processing algae and other biomass using ionic liquids are inefficient due to high energy and material consumption in recycling, phase separation difficulties with small lipid volumes, and environmental concerns from phosphate salts, necessitating improved methods for lipid extraction and ionic liquid reuse.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that uses a clarified ionic liquid cell lysate to repeatedly lyse algae without intermediate purification steps, enhancing lipid extraction efficiency by forming separate phases and allowing for the reuse of purified ionic liquids, with optional addition of fatty acids to improve phase separation and water-methanol mixtures for debris precipitation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If ionic liquid is recycled through heating and purification steps, then ionic liquid can be reused, but energy consumption increases and ionic liquid may decompose

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionic liquid reusabilityVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes solid debris from the cell lysate through filtration or centrifugation before recycling the ionic liquid. This extraction step eliminates the need for extensive heating and purification, reducing energy consumption while maintaining ionic liquid reusability and preventing decomposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary removal of solid debris through filtration or centrifugation before the ionic liquid recycling process. This preliminary action prevents contaminants from accumulating during recycling, reducing the need for energy-intensive heating steps and preventing ionic liquid decomposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Ease of manufacture

If phosphate salts are used for salting out ionic liquid, then ionic liquid can be separated, but environmental damage occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionic liquid separationVSAvoidenvironmental damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive and environmentally harmful phosphate salts with alternative salting-out agents such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride. These alternative salts are cheaper, environmentally benign, and effectively enable ionic liquid separation through salting out, eliminating environmental damage while maintaining separation efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Productivity

If ionic liquid is used to lyse cells, then cells can be lysed and components extracted, but ionic liquid must be recycled with minimal losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecell lysis efficiencyVSAvoidionic liquid loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the cell lysis process into distinct phases: (1) cell lysis using ionic liquid, (2) removal of solid debris through filtration or centrifugation, and (3) recycling of the ionic liquid. This segmentation allows for minimal ionic liquid loss by separating the ionic liquid from solid contaminants, enabling efficient recycling while maintaining high cell lysis efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Manufacturing precision

If ionic liquid is heated to remove water, then ionic liquid can be purified, but ionic liquid may decompose

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionic liquid purityVSAvoidionic liquid stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes water and other contaminants from the cell lysate through filtration or centrifugation before recycling the ionic liquid. This extraction approach achieves ionic liquid purification without requiring high-temperature heating, thereby maintaining ionic liquid stability and preventing decomposition while achieving the required purity level.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach increases lipid content with each lysis iteration, reduces energy and material consumption, and allows for multiple cycles of ionic liquid reuse without decomposition, improving the efficiency and sustainability of lipid extraction from algae and other biomass.

Implementation Method 1

the formation of separate hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase separation:

Implementation Method 2

water-methanol mixtures for debris precipitation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrecipitation: Precipitation

Data Source

PatentEP2914706B1Method and apparatus for cell lysis and extraction
Publication Date: 2020.03.18 STREAMLINE AUTOMATION LLC
  • EP2914706B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2914706B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2914706B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method and system for processing cells involves the use of an ionic liquid-containing clarified cell lysate to lyse cells. The resulting crude cell lysate may be clarified and subsequently used to lyse algae cells. The process may be repeated a number of times before a clarified lysate is separated into lipid and aqueous phases for further processing and/or purification of desired products.