Ionic Liquid Battery Discharge for Safe Recycling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current lithium-ion battery recycling methods face safety challenges due to the risk of explosions and toxic fume generation, particularly during the discharging process, which is difficult to industrialize and costly.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of an ionic liquid solution with an electrically conductive powder to safely discharge electrochemical generators, preventing chemical reactions and ensuring controlled resistive discharge, thereby avoiding explosions and toxic gas formation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional battery recycling methods are used to discharge electrochemical generators, then the batteries can be processed for recycling, but explosions and toxic fume generation occur due to chemical reactions during discharge

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety of discharge processVSAvoidexplosions and toxic fumes
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses an ionic liquid as the discharge medium which creates an inert environment that prevents explosive chemical reactions between battery components and atmospheric oxygen or water. The ionic liquid solution contains lithium ions that can accept electrons from the battery during discharge without generating harmful byproducts, thus eliminating explosions and toxic fume generation while maintaining reliable discharge process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional discharge methods are used, then batteries can be discharged, but the process is difficult to industrialize and costly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveindustrializability of discharge processVSAvoidsafety control during discharge
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The ionic liquid solution serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as the discharge medium, provides thermal management through its high heat capacity, and enables safe electron acceptance during discharge. This self-service capability simplifies the overall system design and makes the process more suitable for industrialization while maintaining reliable safety control, as the same medium that enables discharge also manages the safety-critical thermal aspects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Use of energy by moving object

If batteries are discharged using conventional methods, then energy can be recovered, but thermal management becomes difficult leading to safety risks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy recovery from batteriesVSAvoidthermal control during discharge
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent exploits the unique thermal parameters of ionic liquids, particularly their high heat capacity and thermal stability, to manage temperature during discharge. The ionic liquid can absorb the heat generated during energy recovery without decomposing or causing safety issues, enabling effective thermal management while maximizing energy recovery from the batteries

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method allows for a safe, controlled, and efficient discharge of lithium-ion batteries, reducing the risk of explosions and toxic gas generation, making the process more industrializable and cost-effective while preserving battery components for recycling.

Implementation Method 1

An electrochemical generator is an electricity-generating device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical conversion: Battery (electricity)

Implementation Method 2

the electrochemical generator is brought into contact with an ionic liquid solution comprising an ionic liquid solvent and an electrically conductive powder so as to discharge it

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResistive heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4226454B1Method for discharging an electrochemical generator
Publication Date: 2024.06.19 ORANO FR
  • EP4226454B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

Disclosed is a method for discharging an electrochemical generator (10) comprising a negative electrode (20) containing lithium or sodium and a positive electrode (30), the method comprising a discharging step during which the electrochemical generator (10) is brought into contact with an ionic liquid solution (100) containing a solvent ionic liquid and an electrically conductive powder so as to discharge the electrochemical generator (10).