Ionic Plastic Crystal Electrolytes Balancing Conductivity and Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
The conduction mechanisms and relationships between cations and anions in ionic plastic crystals are not well understood, making it difficult to predict whether they will form ionic melts or plastic crystals at specific temperatures, and there is a need for new solid-state electrolytes that overcome the limitations of conventional materials.
Innovation Solution
Development of ionic plastic crystals comprising delocalized anions paired with guanidine, amidine, or phosphazene organic superbase-derived cations, which can be monocationic or multicationic, and combined with additional components like polymers and inorganic particles to form electrolyte compositions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional solid-state electrolyte materials are used, then device stability is improved, but ionic conductivity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite materials by combining organic superbase-derived cations with delocalized anions to create ionic plastic crystals that exhibit both high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. The specific combination of cations (e.g., DBU, BEMP, BTPP, P1-t-Bu) with delocalized anions (e.g., TFSI, FSI, TfO, TDI, PF6, BF4) creates a composite structure that achieves conductivity values up to 10^-3 S/cm while maintaining stability up to 150°C.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by modifying the molecular structure of cations and anions to optimize the balance between ionic conductivity and thermal stability. By varying the cation structure (different organic superbases) and anion delocalization程度, the patent achieves a range of properties including conductivity from 10^-6 to 10^-3 S/cm and stability up to 150°C, allowing optimization for specific applications.
2Use of energy by moving object
If ionic plastic crystals are used, then ionic conductivity is improved, but understanding of conduction mechanisms is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates feedback by systematically investigating the relationship between molecular structure and conduction mechanisms. Through comprehensive characterization including NMR, X-ray diffraction, and conductivity measurements across temperatures from -50°C to 150°C, the patent builds knowledge feedback loops that improve understanding of how cation-anion interactions govern ion transport in plastic crystal phases.
3Reliability
If new ionic plastic crystal compositions are developed, then performance in electrochemical applications is improved, but prediction of melt or plastic crystal formation is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-establishing structure-property relationships through systematic study of cation-anion combinations. By characterizing the phase behavior and conduction mechanisms of various ionic plastic crystals before application, the patent creates a knowledge base that guides future material design and prediction of melt versus plastic crystal formation, reducing trial-and-error in development.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ionic plastic crystals exhibit enhanced ionic conductivity, flexibility, and thermal stability, providing improved performance in electrochemical applications such as solid-state batteries and electrochromic devices.
Implementation Method 1
exceptional ionic conductivity
Data Source
AI summary
The present technology relates to an ionic plastic crystal comprising at least one delocalized anion paired with at least one an organic guanidine, amidine or phosphazene organic superbase-derived cation for use in electrochemical applications, particularly in electrochemical accumulators such as batteries, electrochromic devices, and supercapacitors. The present technology also relates to an ionic plastic crystal composition, an ionic plastic crystal-based solid electrolyte composition, an ionic plastic crystal-based solid electrolyte, an electrode material comprising the ionic plastic crystal or the ionic plastic crystal composition. Their uses in electrochemical cells and electrochemical accumulators as well as their processes of manufacturing and an NHO-stabilized intermediary ion-neutral complex are also described.