Ionization Electrode Assembly for Hydrogen Flame Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ionization measurement systems for hydrogen-based fuels in heating appliances struggle to achieve a minimum charge carrier concentration near the ionization electrode, making reliable flame detection and lambda value control challenging.

Innovation Solution

Increasing the charge carrier concentration near the ionization electrode by supplying or applying substances that promote ionization, such as titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, sodium chloride, or carbon dioxide, using mechanisms like coatings or additional inlets, or introducing substances that release electrons under ultraviolet radiation or flame temperature.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If hydrogen or high-hydrogen fuel gas is used, then environmental friendliness and efficiency are improved, but charge carrier concentration near the ionization electrode becomes insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionization measurement reliabilityVSAvoidcharge carrier concentration
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a mediator substance (such as titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, or sodium chloride) that facilitates ionization in hydrogen flames. This mediator acts as an intermediary that captures ultraviolet radiation from the hydrogen flame and converts it into charge carriers, enabling reliable ionization measurement without requiring high charge carrier concentration from the fuel itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameter by adding specific substances (titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, sodium chloride) to the combustion system. These substances have different ionization characteristics than hydrogen, and their addition fundamentally alters the ionization mechanism to produce sufficient charge carriers for reliable measurement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If additional substances promoting ionization are supplied, then charge carrier concentration is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge carrier concentrationVSAvoidionization promotion system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the ionization promotion function with existing combustion system components. The substances promoting ionization are integrated into the burner structure or supplied through existing gas delivery systems, combining multiple functions (combustion and ionization enhancement) into a unified system rather than adding separate complex subsystems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs substances that automatically perform the ionization promotion function under combustion conditions. For example, titanium dioxide coating on burner components automatically releases charge carriers when exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of the hydrogen flame, requiring no active control or additional energy input beyond the combustion process itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Quantity of substance

If titanium dioxide or aluminum oxide coating is applied, then electron release under ultraviolet radiation is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectron release capabilityVSAvoidcoating application complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses coatings that can be applied through simple, cost-effective methods even if they require periodic replacement. The coating materials (titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide) are inexpensive, and the application process can be integrated into standard burner manufacturing, making the temporary nature of the coating acceptable from an economic perspective.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies composite material coatings (titanium dioxide or aluminum oxide on metal substrates) that combine the structural properties of the metal base with the ionization-promoting properties of the oxide layer. This composite approach maintains mechanical strength while adding the desired electron-release capability under ultraviolet radiation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances ionization measurement reliability and flame monitoring, enabling effective flame detection and lambda value control in hydrogen-based heating appliances.

Implementation Method 1

a coating of titanium dioxide (an ionizing agent) is applied to existing components or an additional component containing titanium dioxide is added in the vicinity of the ionization electrode. Alternatively or cumulatively, a coating of aluminum oxide (an ionizing agent) is applied to existing components or an additional component containing aluminum oxide is added.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

Hydrogen flames generate intense ultraviolet radiation, which can be used to produce charge carriers if a substance that releases electrons under this irradiation is irradiated with it.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal Radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 3

Another possibility is that the substance with low ionization energy, which releases valence electrodes at flame temperature, into the vicinity of the ionization electrode.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal Ionization:

Data Source

PatentEP4083503B1Method and assembly for increasing the load bearer concentration in the vicinity of an ionization electrode in a heater
Publication Date: 2025.12.24 VAILLANT GMBH(DE)
  • EP4083503B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4083503B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for increasing the charge carrier concentration near an ionization electrode (5) for controlling a gas-air mixture and/or monitoring flames (4) in a combustion chamber (1) of a heating appliance, to which a mixture (G) of air (L) and a fuel, in particular fuel gas with more than 50% hydrogen content, is supplied through openings (3) in a burner body (2), wherein at least one substance promoting ionization is provided or the proportion of this substance is increased, at least in the vicinity (13) of the ionization electrode (5). The invention makes it possible to use cost-effective ionization measurement systems even when using fuels with low charge carrier concentrations in a heating appliance for monitoring flames (4) and/or for controlling a combustion process.